Modeling the optimal behavior of PEV parking lots in energy and reserve market

New technologies such as Plug-in Electric Vehicles or PEVs bring new trends in areas where multi entities interact. One of these areas is the facilities in cities for better manipulation of technologies. Encouraging the utilization of PEVs necessitates the provision of charging stations. In this regard, PEV Parking Lots (PLs) can be a great help as they can solve both urban and electrical problem of PEVs. On the other hand, gathering numerous PEVs in one point like PLs provides the system operator with the opportunity of PEVs batteries that can be used as potential storages. Therefore, in this paper, the optimum behavior of PEV PLs is modeled while they contribute their batteries' capacity in both energy and reserve market. The charging schedule of PLs with various numbers of stations has been reported as well as their share in the market as an energy source during peak hours.

[1]  Anastasios G. Bakirtzis,et al.  Optimal Bidding Strategy for Electric Vehicle Aggregators in Electricity Markets , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[2]  W. H. Kersting,et al.  Radial distribution test feeders , 1991, 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37194).

[3]  Filipe Joel Soares,et al.  Optimized Bidding of a EV Aggregation Agent in the Electricity Market , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[4]  F. Marra,et al.  Planning future electric vehicle central charging stations connected to low-voltage distribution networks , 2012, 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG).

[5]  Manuel A. Matos,et al.  Models for the EV aggregation agent business , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[6]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy , 2005 .

[7]  Zhipeng Liu,et al.  Optimal Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[8]  Michel Luis Rivier Abbad,et al.  Regulatory framework and business models for charging plug-in electric vehicles: Infrastructure, agents, and commercial relationships , 2011 .

[9]  Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi,et al.  Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[10]  Rob van Haaren,et al.  Assessment of Electric Cars ‟ Range Requirements and Usage Patterns based on Driving Behavior recorded in the National Household Travel Survey of 2009 , 2012 .

[11]  Goran Andersson,et al.  On integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into existing power system structures , 2010 .

[12]  Guillaume Leduc,et al.  Plug-in Hybrid and Battery-Electric Vehicles: State of the research and development and comparative analysis of energy and cost efficiency , 2009 .

[13]  Manuel A. Matos,et al.  Optimization Models for EV Aggregator Participation in a Manual Reserve Market , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue , 2005 .

[15]  S. Oren,et al.  Distribution Locational Marginal Pricing for Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Management , 2014 .

[16]  Kit Po Wong,et al.  Traffic-Constrained Multiobjective Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[17]  Pedro Sanchez-Martin,et al.  Day ahead and intraday stochastic decision model for EV charging points , 2013, 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference.

[18]  J. Meisel,et al.  Power System Level Impacts of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Simulation Data , 2008, 2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference.

[19]  Richard Hampo,et al.  Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging Systems , 2011 .