Deterministic Static Sensor Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Network based on Territorial Predator Scent Marking Behaviour

An optimum sensor node placement mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is desirable in ensuring the location of sensor nodes offers maximum coverage and connectivity with minimum energy consumption. This paper proposes a sensor node placement algorithm that utilizes a new biologically inspired optimization algorithm that imitates the behaviour of a territorial predator in marking their territories with their odours known as Territorial Predator Scent Marking Algorithm (TPSMA). The main objectives considered in this paper are to achieve maximum coverage and minimum energy consumption with guaranteed connectivity. A simulation study has been carried out to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm implemented in two different single objective approaches with an Integer Linear Programming based algorithm. The proposed single objective approaches of TPSMA studied in this paper are TPSMA with minimum energy and TPSMA with maximum coverage. Simulation results show that the WSN deployed using the proposed TPSMA sensor node placement algorithm is able to arrange the sensor nodes according to the objective required; TPSMA with maximum coverage offers the highest coverage ratio with fewer sensor nodes up to 100% coverage while TPSMA with minimum energy consumption utilized the lowest energy as low as around 4.85 Joules. Full connectivity is provisioned for all TPSMA approaches since the constraint of the optimization problem is to ensure the connectivity from all sensor nodes to the sink node.

[1]  J. D. Toit,et al.  Scent-marking behaviour of the honey badger, Mellivora capensis (Mustelidae), in the southern Kalahari , 2003, Animal Behaviour.

[2]  Tahir Emre Kalayci,et al.  GENETIC ALGORITHM–BASED SENSOR DEPLOYMENT WITH AREA PRIORITY , 2011, Cybern. Syst..

[3]  Mojtaba Romoozi,et al.  Genetic Algorithm for Energy Efficient and Coverage-Preserved Positioning in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Cognitive Informatics.

[4]  Hui Sun,et al.  Intelligent Single Particle Optimizer Based Wireless Sensor Networks Adaptive Coverage , 2012 .

[5]  Bijaya K. Panigrahi,et al.  Multi-objective node deployment in WSNs: In search of an optimal trade-off among coverage, lifetime, energy consumption, and connectivity , 2013, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[6]  Liao Hongmei,et al.  Wireless Sensor Network Deployment Using an Optimized Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering.

[7]  Shensheng Tang.  Traffic Flow Analysis of a Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network Subject to Node Failure , 2011, Int. J. Commun. Networks Inf. Secur..

[8]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  Strategies and techniques for node placement in wireless sensor networks: A survey , 2008, Ad Hoc Networks.

[9]  Uthman A. Baroudi,et al.  Optimal placement of heterogeneous wireless sensor and relay nodes , 2011, 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference.

[10]  Natarajan Meghanathan,et al.  Link Expiration Time and Minimum Distance Spanning Trees based Distributed Data Gathering Algorithms for Wireless Mobile Sensor Networks , 2012, Int. J. Commun. Networks Inf. Secur..

[11]  Clive J. C. Phillips,et al.  Differential responses of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) to the presence of faeces from different species and male and female conspecifics , 2012 .

[12]  Majid Bayani Abbasy,et al.  Performance Analysis of Sensor Placement Strategies on a Wireless Sensor Network , 2010, 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications.

[13]  Selim G. Akl,et al.  Reliable Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Cellular Automata , 2012, UCNC.

[14]  Chang Wu Yu,et al.  Applying Cluster Merging and Dynamic Routing Mechanisms to Extend the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011, Int. J. Commun. Networks Inf. Secur..

[15]  Le Zhang,et al.  OPEN: An optimisation scheme of N-node coverage in wireless sensor networks , 2012, IET Wirel. Sens. Syst..

[16]  Chunjiang Zhao,et al.  A Deterministic Sensor Node Deployment Method with Target Coverage and Node Connectivity , 2011, AICI.

[17]  Sital Prasad Kedia,et al.  Mobile anchor positioning for wireless sensor networks , 2011, IET Commun..