A Spherical Coordinate Based Fragile Watermarking Scheme for 3D Models

In this paper, a new spherical coordinate based fragile watermarking scheme is proposed. At first, the three dimensional (3D) model is translated from the Cartesian coordinate system to the spherical coordinate system. Then the quantization index modulation technique is employed to embed the watermark into the r coordinate for authentication and verification. By adapting the quantization index modulation technique together with some keys in the spherical coordinate system, the distortion is controlled by the quantization step setting. Experimental results show that both the 100% embedding rate and low distortion can be achieved simultaneous in the proposed method. Moreover, the causality, convergence and vertex reordering problems can be overcome.

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