[Etiologic profile of severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss in children in the region of north-central Morocco].

INTRODUCTION: Le diagnostic d'une surdite profonde est possible des les premiers jours de vie. Or, le developpement du langage et l'integration scolaire et professionnelle ne sont pas possible que si la surdite est prise en charge precocement. L'etablissement d'un diagnostc etiologique a des implications pronostiques et therapeutiques. METHODES: C'est une etude retrospective allant de Juin 2009 au mois de Janvier 2012 ayant recense 250 cas d'enfants porteurs d'une surdite severe et profonde. RESULTATS: La moyenne d'âge au moment de l'annonce du diagnostic est de 3.7 ans. Les etiologies predominantes sont les surdites genetiques dans 35.6 % suivies des surdites acquises dans 30.8% des cas. Dans 34.4 % des cas aucune etiologie n'a pu etre retrouvee. CONCLUSION: Cette etude met en evidence la predominance eventuelle de causes genetiques de la surdite neurosensorielle de l'enfant au Maroc, et souligne la necessite d'ameliorer les politiques de prevention des maladies infectieuses et de depistage de la surdite neonatale. Cependant, des analyses moleculaires plus ciblees et la realisation d'un scanner des rochers systematiques sont necessaires pour evaluer plus precisement la contribution des etiologies genetiques.

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