Numerical Simulation of the Flowfield of an Airfoil in Dynamic Ground Effect

A = area of the channel between the lower surface of the airfoil and the ground CL = lift coefficient Cp = pressure coefficient c = airfoil chord length h = ride height; that is, the distance from the trailing edge of the airfoil to the ground p = pressure Re = Reynolds number based on chord length V = flow velocity W = compression work done by the airfoil x, y = body-fixed Cartesian coordinates α = angle of attack γ = flight-path angle θ = pitch angle