DETERMINATION OF PROTEINACEOUS BINDERS FOR POLYCHROME RELICS OF XUMI MOUNTAIN GROTTOES BY USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

Xumi Mountain Grottoes is a famous cave temple in China. There are a large number of polychrome mural paintings and clay sculptures in Xumi Mountain Grottoes. It has been an important issue to identify the composition of binders in polychrome relics in order to understand traditional painting technology used in ancient time. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM), which possess high sensitivity, high specificity and cost affordability, were utilized to determine proteinaceous binders in polychrome murals and clay sculptures in Xumi Mountain Grottoes. Animal glue and egg white, which were most likely to be used as binders in ancient Chinese relics, were identified by the existence of their corresponding main components, namely mammalian collagen and chicken ovalbumin, respectively. Positive signals of mammalian collagen and chicken ovalbumin were rapidly detected by ELISA and distribution of the detected protein was identified by IFM in the real sample of Xumi Mountain Grottoes. This is the first time that the proteinaceous binders for the polychrome layers of mural painting and clay sculpture in Xumi Mountain Grottoes are studied.

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