What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?

[1]  C. Darwin.  The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals , .

[2]  W. James.  II.—WHAT IS AN EMOTION ? , 1884 .

[3]  E. Thorndike.  “Animal Intelligence” , 1898, Nature.

[4]  Appetites and Aversions as Constituents of Instincts. , 1918, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  I. Pavlov,et al.  Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. , 1929, Annals of neurosciences.

[6]  L. Crespi.  Quantitative variation of incentive and performance in the white rat. , 1942 .

[7]  E. Stellar,et al.  The physiology of motivation. , 1954, Psychological review.

[8]  P. Young.  The role of affective processes in learning and motivation. , 1959, Psychological review.

[9]  W HODOS,et al.  Progressive Ratio as a Measure of Reward Strength , 1961, Science.

[10]  P. Morgane,et al.  Alterations in feeding and drinking behavior of rats with lesions in globi pallidi. , 1961, The American journal of physiology.

[11]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  The lateral hypothalamic syndrome: recovery of feeding and drinking after lateral hypothalamic lesions. , 1962, Psychological review.

[12]  E. Valenstein,et al.  An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation. , 1962, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[13]  E. Valenstein.  PROBLEMS OF MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION WITH REINFORCING BRAIN STIMULATION. , 1964, Psychological review.

[14]  S. Glickman,et al.  A biological theory of reinforcement. , 1967, Psychological review.

[15]  R. Rescorla,et al.  Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning. , 1967, Psychological review.

[16]  D Bindra,et al.  A UNIFIED INTERPRETATION OF EMOTION AND MOTIVATION * , 1969, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[17]  U. Ungerstedt,et al.  Is interruption of the nigro-striatal dopamine system producing the "lateral hypothalamus syndrome"? , 1970, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[18]  B. Halpern,et al.  Taste Stimuli: Quality Coding Time , 1971, Science.

[19]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  Sensory Neglect Produced by Lateral Hypothalamic Damage , 1971, Science.

[20]  M. Cabanac.  Physiological Role of Pleasure , 1971, Science.

[21]  U. Ungerstedt.  Adipsia and aphagia after 6-hydroxydopamine induced degeneration of the nigro-striatal dopamine system. , 1971, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[22]  R. Bolles.  Reinforcement, expectancy, and learning. , 1972 .

[23]  E. Stricker,et al.  Deficits in Feeding Behavior after Intraventricular Injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rats , 1972, Science.

[24]  J. Steiner.  The human gustofacial response : observation on normal and anencephalic newborn infants , 1973 .

[25]  R. Herrnstein.  Cumulative Record. A Selection of Papers. 3rd ed. , 1973 .

[26]  Steiner Je.  The gustofacial response: observation on normal and anencephalic newborn infants. , 1973 .

[27]  D. Bindra.  A motivational view of learning, performance, and behavior modification. , 1974, Psychological review.

[28]  R. Wise,et al.  Diazepam-induced eating and lever pressing for food in sated rats. , 1974, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[29]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  Nigrostriatal bundle damage and the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. , 1974, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[30]  R. Solomon,et al.  An opponent-process theory of motivation. I. Temporal dynamics of affect. , 1974, Psychological review.

[31]  C. L. Hull.  Essentials of behavior , 1974 .

[32]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  Somnolence, akinesia, and sensory activation of motivated behavior in the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  Neurotransmitters and the regulation of food intake. , 1975, Progress in brain research.

[34]  H. Fibiger,et al.  Discriminated escape learning and response to electric shock after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic projection , 1975, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[35]  R. Wise,et al.  Increased lever pressing for amphetamine after pimozide in rats: implications for a dopamine theory of reward. , 1975, Science.

[36]  A. Phillips,et al.  Disruption of brain stimulation-induced feeding by dopamine receptor blockade , 1975, Nature.

[37]  S. Lea.  Elements of a two-process theory of learning, J.A. Gray. Academic Press, London and New York (1975), x, + 423. Price £6·60/$16.50 , 1976 .

[38]  R. Wise,et al.  Pimozide-induced extinction of intracranial self-stimulation: response patterns rule out motor or performance deficits , 1976, Brain Research.

[39]  E. Rolls,et al.  Activity of neurons in the region of the substantia nigra during feeding in the monkey , 1977, Brain Research.

[40]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. , 1977 .

[41]  R. Wise,et al.  Blockade of cocaine reinforcement in rats with the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide, but not with the noradrenergic blockers phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. , 1977, Canadian journal of psychology.

[42]  R. Solomon.  Addiction: An opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The affective dynamics of addiction. , 1977 .

[43]  W. James,et al.  What Is an Emotion , 1977 .

[44]  H. Grill,et al.  The taste reactivity test. II. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in chronic thalamic and chronic decerebrate rats , 1978, Brain Research.

[45]  R. Wise,et al.  Neuroleptic-induced attenuation of brain stimulation reward in rats. , 1978, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[46]  H. Grill,et al.  The taste reactivity test. I. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in neurologically normal rats , 1978, Brain Research.

[47]  H. Grill,et al.  Chronically decerebrate rats demonstrate satiation but not bait shyness. , 1978, Science.

[48]  R. Wise,et al.  Neuroleptic-induced "anhedonia" in rats: pimozide blocks reward quality of food. , 1978, Science.

[49]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  The postures of catecholamine-depletion catalepsy: Their possible adaptive value in thermoregulation , 1978, Physiology & Behavior.

[50]  D. Bindra.  How adaptive behavior is produced: a perceptual-motivational alternative to response reinforcements , 1978, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[51]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  Compulsive, abnormal walking caused by anticholinergics in akinetic, 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. , 1978, Science.

[52]  I. Whishaw,et al.  Two types of aphagia and two types of sensorimotor impairment after lateral hypothalamic lesions: observations in normal weight, dieted, and fattened rats. , 1978, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[53]  R. J. Contreras,et al.  Sodium deprivation alters neural responses to gustatory stimuli , 1979, The Journal of general physiology.

[54]  J. Stellar,et al.  Approach and withdrawal analysis of the effects of hypothalamic stimulation and lesions in rats. , 1979, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[55]  K. Franklin,et al.  Pimozide-induced extinction in rats: Stimulus control of responding rules out motor deficit , 1979, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[56]  J. E. Steiner,et al.  Human facial expressions in response to taste and smell stimulation. , 1979, Advances in child development and behavior.

[57]  S. T. Mason,et al.  The use of conditioned suppression to evaluate the nature of neuroleptic-induced avoidance deficits. , 1980, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[58]  R. Wise.  The dopamine synapse and the notion of ‘pleasure centers’ in the brain , 1980, Trends in Neurosciences.

[59]  S. Cooper,et al.  Interactions between chlordiazepoxide and food deprivation determining choice in food-preference test [proceedings]. , 1980, British journal of pharmacology.

[60]  A. E. Fisher,et al.  Comparison of the effects of brain dopamine-depleting lesions upon oral behaviors elicited by tail pinch and electrical brain stimulation , 1980, Physiology & Behavior.

[61]  S. Cooper,et al.  Benzodiazepines as appetite-enhancing compounds , 1980, Appetite.

[62]  T. Heffner,et al.  A rapid method for the regional dissection of the rat brain , 1980, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[63]  H. Grill.  Production and regulation of ingestive consummatory behavior in the chronic decerebrate rat , 1980, Brain Research Bulletin.

[64]  R. Zajonc.  Feeling and thinking : Preferences need no inferences , 1980 .

[65]  A. Sclafani,et al.  The effects of pimozide on the consumption of a palatable saccharin-glucose solution in the rat , 1981, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[66]  K. Berridge,et al.  Relation of consummatory responses and preabsorptive insulin release to palatability and learned taste aversions. , 1981, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[67]  H. Grill,et al.  Lack of ingestive compensation to osmotic stimuli in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1981, The American journal of physiology.

[68]  F. Bloom,et al.  Response artifact in the measurement of neuroleptic-induced anhedonia. , 1981, Science.

[69]  R. Wise,et al.  Heroin reward is dependent on a dopaminergic substrate. , 1981, Life sciences.

[70]  F. Toates.  The Control of Ingestive Behaviour by Internal and External Stimuli—A Theoretical Review , 1981, Appetite.

[71]  A. Poling,et al.  Effects of phencyclidine on shock-induced aggression in rats , 1981, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[72]  P. Solomon,et al.  Disrupted latent inhibition in the rat with chronic amphetamine or haloperidol-induced supersensitivity: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder. , 1981, Biological psychiatry.

[73]  E T Rolls,et al.  The neurophysiology of feeding , 1981, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[74]  A. Sclafani,et al.  The dopaminergic mediation of a sweet reward in normal and VMH hyperphagic rats , 1982, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[75]  A. N. Epstein.  Instinct and Motivation as Explanations for Complex Behavior , 1982 .

[76]  N. Lobaugh,et al.  Tactile extinction: Distinguishing between sensorimotor and motor asymmetries in rats with unilateral nigrostriatal damage , 1982, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[77]  P. Solomon,et al.  Disruption of selective attention in the rat following chronic d-amphetamine administration: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder. , 1982, Biological psychiatry.

[78]  C. Gallistel,et al.  Pimozide blocks reinforcement but not priming from MFB stimulation in the rat , 1982, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[79]  C. Gallistel,et al.  Does pimozide block the reinforcing effect of brain stimulation? , 1982, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[80]  C. W. Hughes.  Emotion: Theory, Research and Experience , 1982 .

[81]  R. Wise.  Neuroleptics and operant behavior: The anhedonia hypothesis , 1982, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[82]  M. Jacquin,et al.  Trigeminal Orosensation and Ingestive Behavior in the Rat , 1983 .

[83]  B. Jacobs,et al.  Dopaminergic unit activity in freely moving cats: Lack of relationship to feeding, satiety, and glucose injections , 1983, Brain Research.

[84]  R. Beninger.  The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning , 1983, Brain Research Reviews.

[85]  K. Berridge,et al.  Sodium depletion enhances salt palatability in rats. , 1984, Behavioral neuroscience.

[86]  K. Berridge,et al.  Isohedonic Tastes Support a Two-dimensional Hypothesis of Palatability , 1984, Appetite.

[87]  R. Wise,et al.  Anatomically distinct opiate receptor fields mediate reward and physical dependence. , 1984, Science.

[88]  A. Grace,et al.  The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: burst firing , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[89]  H. Grill,et al.  Relationships between taste reactivity and intake in the neurologically intact rat , 1984 .

[90]  M. Trulson,et al.  Dopamine-containing ventral tegmental area neurons in freely moving cats: Activity during the sleep-waking cycle and effects of stress , 1984, Experimental Neurology.

[91]  L. Parker,et al.  Behavioral conditioned responses across multiple conditioning/testing trials elicited by lithium- and amphetamine-paired flavors. , 1984, Behavioral and neural biology.

[92]  C D Marsden,et al.  Which motor disorder in Parkinson's disease indicates the true motor function of the basal ganglia? , 2008, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[93]  M. Jacquin,et al.  Trigeminal sensorimotor mechanisms and ingestive behavior , 1984, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[94]  S. Iversen,et al.  Dopamine denervation of frontal cortex or nucleus accumbens does not affect acth-induced grooming behaviour , 1984, Behavioural Brain Research.

[95]  D. Glaser,et al.  Differential behavioral responses to taste stimuli in non-human primates , 1984 .

[96]  R. Wise,et al.  Brain mechanisms of drug reward and euphoria. , 1985, Psychiatric medicine.

[97]  S. Cooper,et al.  Behavioural pharmacology of food, water and salt intake in relation to drug actions at benzodiazepine receptors , 1985, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[98]  G. Paxinos.  The Rat nervous system , 1985 .

[99]  T. Robinson,et al.  Sensitization to stress: the enduring effects of prior stress on amphetamine-induced rotational behavior. , 1985, Life sciences.

[100]  N. Geary,et al.  Pimozide decreases the positive reinforcing effect of sham fed sucrose in the rat , 1985, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[101]  R. Wise,et al.  The anhedonia hypothesis: Mark III , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[102]  D. Kooy,et al.  Neuroleptics block the positive reinforcing effects of amphetamine but not of morphine as measured by place conditioning , 1985, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[103]  J. Stellar,et al.  The Neurobiology of Motivation and Reward , 1985 .

[104]  M. Gold,et al.  New concepts in cocaine addiction: The dopamine depletion hypothesis , 1985, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[105]  I. Whishaw,et al.  Dopamine depletion, stimulation or blockade in the rat disrupts spatial navigation and locomotion dependent upon beacon or distal cues , 1985, Behavioural Brain Research.

[106]  K. Berridge,et al.  Rats learn to like the taste of morphine. , 1985, Behavioral neuroscience.

[107]  S. Cooper,et al.  Evidence for opiate receptor involvement in the consumption of a high palatability diet in nondeprived rats , 1985, Neuropeptides.

[108]  Gerard P. Smith,et al.  Food-related stimuli increase the ratio of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to dopamine in the hypothalamus , 1985, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[109]  K. Berridge,et al.  Taste reactivity as a measure of the neural control of palatability , 1985 .

[110]  I. Whishaw,et al.  Disruption of central cholinergic systems in the rat by basal forebrain lesions or atropine: Effects on feeding, sensorimotor behaviour, locomotor activity and spatial navigation , 1985, Behavioural Brain Research.

[111]  J C Fentress,et al.  Trigeminal-taste interaction in palatability processing. , 1985, Science.

[112]  R. Boakes,et al.  Effects of basolateral amygdala lesions on taste aversions produced by lactose and lithium chloride in the rat. , 1986, Behavioral neuroscience.

[113]  L. Parker,et al.  Orofacial and somatic responses elicited by lithium-, nicotine- and amphetamine-paired sucrose solution , 1986, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[114]  R. Wise,et al.  Effects of naloxone and pimozide on initiation and maintenance measures of free feeding , 1986, Brain Research.

[115]  K. Berridge,et al.  Chlordiazepoxide directly enhances positive ingestive reactions in rats , 1986, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[116]  J. King,et al.  Hedonic reactivity to sucrose in rats: Modification by pimozide , 1986, Physiology & Behavior.

[117]  I. Whishaw,et al.  The contributions of motor cortex, nigrostriatal dopamine and caudate-putamen to skilled forelimb use in the rat. , 1986, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[118]  N. White.  Control of sensorimotor function by dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons: Influence on eating and drinking , 1986, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[119]  W. Schultz.  Responses of midbrain dopamine neurons to behavioral trigger stimuli in the monkey. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[120]  H. Grill,et al.  Sodium homeostasis in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1986, Behavioral neuroscience.

[121]  E. Murzi,et al.  Lateral hypothalamic sites eliciting eating affect medullary taste neurons in rats , 1986, Physiology & Behavior.

[122]  A. Ettenberg,et al.  Haloperidol induces a partial reinforcement extinction effect in rats: Implications for a dopamine involvement in food reward , 1986, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[123]  J. Panksepp.  The neurochemistry of behavior. , 1986, Annual review of psychology.

[124]  C. L. Hull,et al.  Mechanisms of Adaptive Behavior: Clark L. Hull's Theoretical Papers, with Commentary , 1986 .

[125]  K. Berridge,et al.  Control of fluid palatability by exteroceptive Pavlovian signals. , 1986, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[126]  F. Vaccarino,et al.  Intra-nucleus accumbens amphetamine: Dose-dependent effects on food intake , 1986, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[127]  T. R. Scott,et al.  Gustatory responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the alert cynomolgus monkey. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[128]  J. Panksepp.  Chapter 4 – THE ANATOMY OF EMOTIONS , 1986 .

[129]  I. Whishaw,et al.  Behavioural, biochemical and histochemical effects of different neurotoxic amino acids injected into nucleus basalis magnocellularis of rats , 1987, Neuroscience.

[130]  A. Sclafani,et al.  Species differences in polysaccharide and sugar taste preferences , 1987, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[131]  R. Wise,et al.  A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction. , 1987, Psychological review.

[132]  S. Pellis,et al.  Abnormal gait sequence in locomotion after atropine treatment of catecholamine-deficient akinetic rats. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[133]  A. Dickinson,et al.  Pavlovian Processes in the Motivational Control of Instrumental Performance , 1987 .

[134]  A. Phillips,et al.  Dopamine and preparatory behavior: I. Effects of pimozide. , 1987, Behavioral neuroscience.

[135]  R. Wise.  Sensorimotor modulation and the variable action pattern (VAP): Toward a noncircular definition of drive and motivation , 1987, Psychobiology.

[136]  A. Sclafani,et al.  Influence of saccharin on polycose, sucrose, and glucose intake and preference in rats , 1987, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[137]  K. Berridge,et al.  The direct enhancement of positive palatability by chlordiazepoxide is antagonized by Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 , 1987, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[138]  A. J. Fridlund,et al.  Hedonic and social determinants of facial displays to odors , 1987 .

[139]  M. Vigorito,et al.  Starch preference in rats , 1987, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[140]  H. Grill,et al.  Taste reactivity as a dependent measure of the rapid formation of conditioned taste aversion: a tool for the neural analysis of taste-visceral associations. , 1988, Behavioral neuroscience.

[141]  R. Rescorla.  Behavioral studies of Pavlovian conditioning. , 1988, Annual review of neuroscience.

[142]  J. Panksepp.  Brain Emotional Circuits and Psychopathologies , 1988 .

[143]  A. Dunn.  Stress‐Related Activation of Cerebral Dopaminergic Systems a , 1988, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[144]  T. Schallert,et al.  Striatal dopamine and the interface between orienting and ingestive functions , 1988, Physiology & Behavior.

[145]  B. Everitt,et al.  Double dissociations of the effects of amygdala and insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion, passive avoidance, and neophobia in the rat using the excitotoxin ibotenic acid. , 1988, Behavioral neuroscience.

[146]  G. Di Chiara,et al.  Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[147]  G. P. Smith,et al.  Relationships between Mesolimbic Dopamine Function and Eating Behavior a , 1988, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[148]  T. Shippenberg,et al.  Motivational effects of opioids: influence of D-1 versus D-2 receptor antagonists. , 1988, European journal of pharmacology.

[149]  R. Rescorla.  Pavlovian conditioning. It's not what you think it is. , 1988 .

[150]  T. Schallert,et al.  ‘Disengage’ sensorimotor deficit following apparent recovery from unilateral dopamine depletion , 1988, Behavioural Brain Research.

[151]  B. Hoebel,et al.  Neuroscience and motivation: Pathways and peptides that define motivational systems. , 1988 .

[152]  H. Grill,et al.  Intraoral intake and taste reactivity responses elicited by sucrose and sodium chloride in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1988, Behavioral neuroscience.

[153]  L. Chiodo,et al.  Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of identified nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons in the rat , 1988, Synapse.

[154]  K. Berridge.  Brainstem systems mediate the enhancement of palatability by chlordiazepoxide , 1988, Brain Research.

[155]  Aaron Ettenberg,et al.  Haloperidol blocks the response-reinstating effects of food reward: A methodology for separating neuroleptic effects on reinforcement and motor processes , 1988, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[156]  B. Hoebel,et al.  Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis. , 1988, Life sciences.

[157]  R. Wise,et al.  Brain dopamine and reward. , 1989, Annual review of psychology.

[158]  T. Robbins,et al.  Interactions between the amygdala and ventral striatum in stimulus-reward associations: Studies using a second-order schedule of sexual reinforcement , 1989, Neuroscience.

[159]  M. Fischman,et al.  Relationship between self-reported drug effects and their reinforcing effects: studies with stimulant drugs. , 1989, NIDA research monograph.

[160]  D. van der Kooy,et al.  The tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus: a brain-stem output of the limbic system critical for the conditioned place preferences produced by morphine and amphetamine , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[161]  P. Willner,et al.  The Mesolimbic Dopamine System: From Motivation to Action An International Workshop Malta September 25–29, 1989 , 1989, Psychobiology.

[162]  A. Phillips,et al.  Dopamine and preparatory behavior: II. A neurochemical analysis. , 1989 .

[163]  D. Corbett,et al.  Regional neuroleptic microinjections indicate a role for nucleus accumbens in lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation reward , 1989, Brain Research.

[164]  A. Dickinson.  Expectancy theory in animal conditioning. , 1989 .

[165]  N. White.  Reward or reinforcement: What's the difference? , 1989, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[166]  G. P. Smith,et al.  Microstructural analysis of the inhibition of sucrose sham feeding by SCH 23390 , 1989, Appetite.

[167]  R. Wise.  The brain and reward. , 1989 .

[168]  A. Ettenberg.  Dopamine, neuroleptics and reinforced behavior , 1989, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[169]  R. Wise.  Neuroleptic-induced anhedonia: Recent studies , 1989, Schizophrenia Research.

[170]  F. Flynn.  Fourth ventricle bombesin injection suppresses ingestive behaviors in rats. , 1989, The American journal of physiology.

[171]  K. Berridge,et al.  Palatability Shift of a Salt-Associated Incentive during Sodium Depletion , 1989, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology.

[172]  T. Robbins,et al.  Limbic-striatal interactions in reward-related processes , 1989, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[173]  K. Berridge,et al.  Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: implications for arousal and anhedonia hypotheses of dopamine function. , 1989, Behavioral neuroscience.

[174]  T. Robbins,et al.  Involvement of the amygdala in stimulus-reward associations: Interaction with the ventral striatum , 1989, Neuroscience.

[175]  S. Klein,et al.  Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory , 1991 .

[176]  K. Berridge.  Substantia nigra 6-OHDA lesions mimic striatopallidal disruption of syntactic grooming chains: A neural systems analysis of sequence control , 1989, Psychobiology.

[177]  L. Parker,et al.  Pimozide enhances the aversiveness of quinine solution , 1990, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[178]  J. Pearce.  Book Review: Contemporary Learning Theories: Pavlovian Conditioning and the Status of Traditional Learning Theory , 1990 .

[179]  G. P. Smith,et al.  Similar effect of raclopride and reduced sucrose concentration on the microstructure of sucrose sham feeding. , 1990, European journal of pharmacology.

[180]  B. Everitt.  Sexual motivation: A neural and behavioural analysis of the mechanisms underlying appetitive and copulatory responses of male rats , 1990, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[181]  W. Schultz,et al.  Dopamine neurons of the monkey midbrain: contingencies of responses to active touch during self-initiated arm movements. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[182]  G. Beauchamp,et al.  Experimental sodium depletion and salt taste in normal human volunteers. , 1990, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[183]  K. Berridge,et al.  A comparison of benzodiazepine, serotonin, and dopamine agents in the taste-reactivity paradigm , 1990, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[184]  G. Tiberghien.  Thought without language: A Fyssen foundation symposium Edited by L. Weiskrantz, Oxford Science Publications. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988, 533 pp. , 1990, Neuropsychologia.

[185]  Craig W. Berridge,et al.  Physiological and behavioral responses to corticotropin-releasing factor administration: is CRF a mediator of anxiety or stress responses? , 1990, Brain Research Reviews.

[186]  H. Grill,et al.  Ingestion rate as an independent variable in the behavioral analysis of satiation. , 1990, The American journal of physiology.

[187]  T. R. Scott.  The effect of physiological need on taste. , 1990 .

[188]  J. Salamone,et al.  Characterization of the impaired feeding behavior in rats given haloperidol or dopamine-depleting brain lesions , 1990, Neuroscience.

[189]  B. Balleine,et al.  Motivational Control of Instrumental Performance following a Shift from Thirst to Hunger , 1990, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology.

[190]  F. Vaccarino,et al.  Amphetamine- and morphine-induced feeding: Evidence for involvement of reward mechanisms , 1990, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[191]  T. Powley,et al.  Taste, experience, and feeding , 1990 .

[192]  H. Grill,et al.  Conditioned reversal of reactions to normally avoided tastes , 1990, Physiology & Behavior.

[193]  H. Grill,et al.  Caudal Brainstem Participates in the Distributed Neural Control of Feeding , 1990 .

[194]  A. Graybiel,et al.  The nigrostriatal system in Parkinson's disease. , 1990, Advances in neurology.

[195]  M. Cabanac,et al.  Postingestive alliesthesia: The rat tells the same story , 1990, Physiology & Behavior.

[196]  K. Berridge,et al.  Motivational-sensorimotor interaction controls aphagia and exaggerated treading after striatopallidal lesions. , 1990, Behavioral neuroscience.

[197]  M. Cabanac,et al.  Facial consummatory responses in rats support the ponderostat hypothesis , 1991, Physiology & Behavior.

[198]  K. Preston,et al.  The reinforcing and subjective effects of morphine in post-addicts: a dose-response study. , 1991, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[199]  W. Schultz,et al.  Responses of monkey midbrain dopamine neurons during delayed alternation performance , 1991, Brain Research.

[200]  J. Horvitz,et al.  Conditioned incentive properties of a food-paired conditioned stimulus remain intact during dopamine receptor blockade. , 1991 .

[201]  T. Robinson,et al.  The effects of four days of continuous striatal microdialysis on indices of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission in rats , 1991, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[202]  A. Grace.  Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia , 1991, Neuroscience.

[203]  B. Balleine,et al.  Instrumental Performance following Reinforcer Devaluation Depends upon Incentive Learning , 1991 .

[204]  D. Calcagnetti,et al.  Conditioned place aversion following the central administration of a novel dopamine release inhibitor CGS 10746B , 1991, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[205]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  Thinking too much: introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions. , 1991, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[206]  J. Schulkin.  Sodium Hunger: The Search for a Salty Taste , 1991 .

[207]  S. Cooper,et al.  Effects of dopamine D1 and dopamine D2 antagonists on the free feeding and drinking patterns of rats. , 1991, Behavioral neuroscience.

[208]  K. Strongman.  International review of studies on emotion , 1991 .

[209]  T. Robbins,et al.  The basolateral amygdala-ventral striatal system and conditioned place preference: Further evidence of limbic-striatal interactions underlying reward-related processes , 1991, Neuroscience.

[210]  Kent C. Berridge,et al.  Modulation of taste affect by hunger, caloric satiety, and sensory-specific satiety in the rat , 1991, Appetite.

[211]  R. Wise,et al.  Morphine-dopamine interaction: Ventral tegmental morphine increases nucleus accumbens dopamine release , 1991, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[212]  G. Mogenson,et al.  The contribution of basal forebrain to limbic-motor integration and the mediation of motivation to action. , 1991, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[213]  P. Fletcher.  Dopamine receptor blockade in nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus differentially affects feeding induced by 8-OH-DPAT injected into dorsal or median raphe , 1991, Brain Research.

[214]  E. Valenstein,et al.  What psychological process mediates feeding evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus? , 1991, Behavioral neuroscience.

[215]  P. Wood,et al.  Morphine stimulation of mesolimbic and mesocortical but not nigrostriatal dopamine release in the rat as reflected by changes in 3-methoxytyramine levels , 1991, Neuropharmacology.

[216]  G F Koob,et al.  Postcocaine anhedonia: An animal model of cocaine withdrawal and its reversal by pharmacological treatments Athina Markou, M.A., Richard L. Hauger, M.D., George F. Koob, Ph.D. Department of Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037 , 1991, Biological Psychiatry.

[217]  F. Flynn.  Effects of fourth ventricle bombesin injection on meal-related parameters and grooming behavior , 1991, Peptides.

[218]  T. R. Scott,et al.  Polysaccharides as taste stimuli: their effect in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat , 1991, Brain Research.

[219]  B. Hoebel,et al.  A conditioned stimulus decreases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens after the development of a learned taste aversion , 1991, Brain Research.

[220]  L. Parker,et al.  Effects of pimozide on the hedonic properties of sucrose: Analysis by the taste reactivity test , 1991, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[221]  Gerard P. Smith,et al.  Potency of SCH 23390 for decreasing sucrose intake in rat pups depends on mode of ingestion , 1991, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[222]  D. S. Zahm,et al.  Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat , 1991, Neuroscience.

[223]  A. Deutch,et al.  Topography and functional role of dopaminergic projections from the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum to the ventral pallidum , 1992, Neuroscience.

[224]  C. Marsden.  Dopamine and basal ganglia disorders in humans , 1992 .

[225]  A. Kelley,et al.  NMDA receptors mediate the behavioral effects of amphetamine infused into the nucleus accumbens , 1992, Brain Research Bulletin.

[226]  F. Flynn.  Caudal brain stem systems mediate effects of bombesin-like peptides on intake in rats. , 1992, The American journal of physiology.

[227]  A. Phillips,et al.  The neurobiology of cocaine-induced reinforcement. , 2007, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[228]  S. Kiefer,et al.  Taste avoidance, but not aversion, learning in rats lacking gustatory cortex. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[229]  Anthony G. Phillips,et al.  Dopamine functions in appetitive and defensive behaviours , 1992, Progress in Neurobiology.

[230]  J. Lowinson.  Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook , 1992 .

[231]  G. Gessa,et al.  Marked inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine release: a common feature of ethanol, morphine, cocaine and amphetamine abstinence in rats. , 1992, European journal of pharmacology.

[232]  T. Robbins,et al.  Amygdala-ventral striatal interactions and reward-related processes. , 1992 .

[233]  W. Schultz,et al.  Responses of monkey dopamine neurons during learning of behavioral reactions. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[234]  S. Monroe,et al.  Corticofugal input to taste-responsive units in the parabrachial pons , 1992, Brain Research Bulletin.

[235]  T. Kelly,et al.  Behavioral response to diazepam in a residential laboratory , 1992, Biological Psychiatry.

[236]  B. Hoebel,et al.  CONDITIONED RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS AS MEASURED BY MICRODIALYSIS , 1992, Clinical neuropharmacology.

[237]  A. Phillips,et al.  Sexual behavior increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of male rats: comparison with novelty and locomotion. , 1992 .

[238]  John P. Aggleton,et al.  The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction. , 1992 .

[239]  F. Flynn,et al.  Inhibition of ingestive behavior following fourth ventricle bombesin injection in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[240]  G. Koob.  Neural Mechanisms of Drug Reinforcement a , 1992, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[241]  G. P. Smith,et al.  Raclopride decreases sucrose intake of rat pups in independent ingestion tests , 1992, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[242]  O. Phillipson.  The Mesolimbic Dopamine System: From Motivation to Action edited by P. Willner and J. ScheelKruger, John Wiley & Sons, 1991. £80.00 (xviii + 656 pages) ISBN 0 471 928860 , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[243]  J. Kaplan,et al.  Simultaneous Display of Sexual and Ingestive Behaviour by Rats , 1992, Journal of neuroendocrinology.

[244]  M. Cador.  LIMBIC‐STRIATAL INTERACTIONS IN REWARD RELATED PROCESSES: MODULATION BY THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM. , 1992, Clinical neuropharmacology.

[245]  K. Nader,et al.  Neurobiology of motivation: double dissociation of two motivational mechanisms mediating opiate reward in drug-naive versus drug-dependent animals. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[246]  A. Ettenberg,et al.  Opposite effects of prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens infusions of flupenthixol on stimulant-induced locomotion and brain stimulation reward , 1992, Brain Research.

[247]  Athina Markou,et al.  Basal extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens are decreased during cocaine withdrawal after unlimited-access self-administration , 1992, Brain Research.

[248]  P. Ekman.  An argument for basic emotions , 1992 .

[249]  L. Parker,et al.  Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: analysis by the taste reactivity test. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[250]  R. Norgren,et al.  Parabrachial gustatory lesions impair taste aversion learning in rats. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[251]  W. Schultz,et al.  Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[252]  H. Grill,et al.  A quantitative comparison of taste reactivity behaviors to sucrose before and after lithium chloride pairings: a unidimensional account of palatability. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[253]  D. van der Kooy,et al.  A single brain stem substrate mediates the motivational effects of both opiates and food in nondeprived rats but not in deprived rats. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[254]  W. Schultz.  Activity of dopamine neurons in the behaving primate , 1992 .

[255]  Adam Drewnowski,et al.  Taste responses and preferences for sweet high-fat foods: Evidence for opioid involvement , 1992, Physiology & Behavior.

[256]  Richard J. Beninger,et al.  Microinjections of flupenthixol into the caudate putamen of rats produce intrasession declines in food-rewarded operant responding , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[257]  K. Berridge,et al.  Where does damage lead to enhanced food aversion: the ventral pallidum/substantia innominata or lateral hypothalamus? , 1993, Brain Research.

[258]  A. Levine,et al.  Naloxone's anorectic effect is dependant upon the relative palatability of food , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[259]  Edmund T. Rolls,et al.  Neuronal responses in the ventral striatum of the behaving macaque , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[260]  W. Schultz,et al.  Reward-related activity in the monkey striatum and substantia nigra. , 1993, Progress in brain research.

[261]  T. Hattori.  Conceptual history of the nigrostriatal dopamine system , 1993, Neuroscience Research.

[262]  D. Kahneman,et al.  When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better End , 1993 .

[263]  S. Hansen,et al.  Interaction with pups enhances dopamine release in the ventral striatum of maternal rats: A microdialysis study , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[264]  K. Berridge,et al.  The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction , 1993, Brain Research Reviews.

[265]  K. Nakamura,et al.  Taste responses of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract of awake rats: an extended stimulus array. , 1993, Journal of neurophysiology.

[266]  A. Mcgregor,et al.  Dopaminergic antagonism within the nucleus accumbens or the amygdala produces differential effects on intravenous cocaine self-administration under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement , 1993, Brain Research.

[267]  J. Lowinson,et al.  Drug craving and positive/negative hedonic brain substrates activated by addicting drugs , 1993 .

[268]  M. Tampakeras,et al.  Rewarding brain stimulation: role of tegmental cholinergic neurons that activate dopamine neurons. , 1993, Behavioral neuroscience.

[269]  C. Blaha,et al.  Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat elicited by a conditional stimulus for food: an electrochemical study. , 1993, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[270]  J. Mountz,et al.  Effect of haloperidol on measures of craving and impaired control in alcoholic subjects. , 1993, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[271]  F. Flynn.  Fourth ventricular injection of selective bombesin receptor antagonists facilitates feeding in rats. , 1993, The American journal of physiology.

[272]  R. Zajonc,et al.  Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[273]  R. Wise,et al.  Drug‐ and behavior‐associated changes in dopamine‐related electrochemical signals during intravenous heroin self‐administration in rats , 1993, Synapse.

[274]  R. Beninger,et al.  Neuropeptide Y: Intraaccumbens injections produce a place preference that is blocked by cis-flupenthixol , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[275]  S. Cooper,et al.  Selective dopamine D-1 receptor agonists, SK&F 3839 and CY 208-243 reduce sucrose sham-feeding in the rat , 1993, Neuropharmacology.

[276]  John D. Salamone,et al.  Ventrolateral striatal dopamine depletions impair feeding and food handling in rats , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[277]  T. Robinson,et al.  A microdialysis study of ventral striatal dopamine during sexual behavior in female Syrian hamsters , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[278]  W. Schultz,et al.  Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[279]  R. Depoortère,et al.  Parameters of self-administration of cocaine in rats under a progressive-ratio schedule , 1993, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior.

[280]  J. Gray,et al.  Latent inhibition of conditioned dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens , 1993, Neuroscience.

[281]  H. Grill,et al.  Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala II: Effects on intraoral NaCl intake , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[282]  S. Travers,et al.  Taste preferences in Parkinson's disease patients , 1993 .

[283]  K. Berridge,et al.  Morphine enhances hedonic taste palatability in rats , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[284]  Trevor W. Robbins,et al.  Differential effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala, ventral subiculum and medial prefrontal cortex on responding with conditioned reinforcement and locomotor activity potentiated by intra-accumbens infusions ofd-amphetamine , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[285]  D Servan-Schreiber,et al.  A theory of dopamine function and its role in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. , 1993, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[286]  H. Grill,et al.  Effects of Interrupting an Intraoral Meal on Meal Size and Meal Duration in Rats , 1993, Appetite.

[287]  J. Schulkin,et al.  Sex differences in salt preference and taste reactivity in rats , 1993, Brain Research Bulletin.

[288]  Lesley Brown,et al.  The new shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles , 1993 .

[289]  K. Berridge,et al.  Pleasantness of a Sweet Taste during Hunger and Satiety: Effects of Gender and "Sweet Tooth" , 1993, Appetite.

[290]  K. Berridge,et al.  Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala I: Effects on taste reactivity, taste aversion learning and sodium appetite , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[291]  J. Salamone.  The involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in appetitive and aversive motivation , 1994, Behavioural Brain Research.

[292]  B. Balleine,et al.  Motivational control of goal-directed action , 1994 .

[293]  R. Wise.  A brief history of the anhedonia hypothesis , 1994 .

[294]  B. Hoebel,et al.  An appetitively conditioned taste elicits a preferential increase in mesolimbic dopamine release , 1994, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[295]  C. Marsden,et al.  The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man. , 1994, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[296]  W. Schultz,et al.  Activity of Monkey Striatal and Dopamine Neurons During the Performance of Delayed Response Tasks , 1994 .

[297]  A. Dickinson.  CHAPTER 3 – Instrumental Conditioning , 1994 .

[298]  J. Chapin,et al.  Behavioral associations of neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area of the rat , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[299]  D. Kooy,et al.  Tegmental pedunculopontine lesions in rats decrease saccharin's rewarding effects but not its memory-improving effect. , 1994 .

[300]  F. Toates.  Comparing motivational systems - An incentive motivation perspective , 1994 .

[301]  J. Kaplan,et al.  Apomorphine suppresses ingestive behaviour in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1994, Neuroreport.

[302]  T. Robinson,et al.  Withdrawal from morphine or amphetamine: different effects on dopamine in the ventral-medial striatum studied with microdialysis , 1994, Brain Research.

[303]  B. Balleine,et al.  Effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens on instrumental action , 1994, Behavioural Brain Research.

[304]  R. Wise,et al.  Drug- and behavior-associated changes in dopamine-related electrochemical signals during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[305]  P. Shizgal,et al.  Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat. , 1994, Behavioral neuroscience.

[306]  S. Cooper,et al.  Neuropharmacology of appetite and taste preferences , 1994 .

[307]  A. Gratton,et al.  Electrochemical monitoring of extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens of rats lever-pressing for food , 1994, Brain Research.

[308]  W. Schultz,et al.  Importance of unpredictability for reward responses in primate dopamine neurons. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[309]  K. Nader,et al.  Neuroleptics block high- but not low-dose heroin place preferences: further evidence for a two-system model of motivation. , 1994 .

[310]  D. Woodward,et al.  Electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence for the role of the nucleus accumbens in cocaine self-administration in freely moving rats , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[311]  J. Salamone,et al.  Anhedonia or anergia? Effects of haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on instrumental response selection in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure , 1994, Behavioural Brain Research.

[312]  John D. Salamone,et al.  Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions in rats affect relative response allocation in a novel cost/benefit procedure , 1994, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[313]  A M Graybiel,et al.  The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control. , 1994, Science.

[314]  Craig W. Berridge,et al.  Stress-induced activation of prefrontal cortex dopamine turnover: blockade by lesions of the amygdala , 1994, Brain Research.

[315]  B. Balleine,et al.  Benzodiazepine-induced outcome revaluation and the motivational control of instrumental action in rats. , 1994, Behavioral neuroscience.

[316]  D. Booth,et al.  Appetite: neural and behavioural bases , 1994 .

[317]  A. Graybiel,et al.  Effect of the nigrostriatal dopamine system on acquired neural responses in the striatum of behaving monkeys. , 1994, Science.

[318]  A. Mcgregor,et al.  Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the amygdala on intravenous cocaine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement , 1994, Brain Research.

[319]  R. Rescorla.  Control of instrumental performance by Pavlovian and instrumental stimuli. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[320]  L. Parker,et al.  Amphetamine-induced modification of quinine palatability: Analysis by the taste reactivity test , 1994, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[321]  S. Woods,et al.  Neuropeptide Y fails to increase intraoral intake in rats. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[322]  A. Kelley,et al.  Glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell control feeding behavior via the lateral hypothalamus , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[323]  G. Chiara.  The role of dopamine in drug abuse viewed from the perspective of its role in motivation , 1995 .

[324]  J. Gray,et al.  Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens: The perspective from aberrations of consciousness in schizophrenia , 1995, Neuropsychologia.

[325]  J. Cleary,et al.  Naloxone blocks that portion of feeding driven by sweet taste in food-restricted rats. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[326]  A. Graybiel.  Building action repertoires: memory and learning functions of the basal ganglia , 1995, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[327]  L. Parker.  Chlordiazepoxide enhances the palatability of lithium-, amphetamine-, and saline-paired saccharin solution , 1995, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[328]  S. Cooper,et al.  Dopamine receptor subtype agonists and feeding behavior. , 1995, Obesity research.

[329]  D. Glaser,et al.  Taste-induced facial expressions in apes and humans , 1995 .

[330]  Peter W. Kalivas,et al.  Selective activation of dopamine transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens by stress , 1995, Brain Research.

[331]  I. Creese,et al.  Restricted eating with weight loss selectively decreases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and alters dopamine response to amphetamine, morphine, and food intake , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[332]  B. Balleine,et al.  Motivational Control of Instrumental Action , 1995 .

[333]  K. Berridge,et al.  The Mind of an Addicted Brain: Neural Sensitization of Wanting Versus Liking , 1995 .

[334]  S. Cooper,et al.  7-OH-DPAT injected into the accumbens reduces locomotion and sucrose ingestion: D3 autoreceptor-mediated effects? , 1995, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[335]  L. Parker,et al.  Morphine-induced modification of quinine palatability: Effects of multiple morphine-quinine trials , 1995, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[336]  K. Berridge,et al.  Central enhancement of taste pleasure by intraventricular morphine. , 1995, Neurobiology.

[337]  Sigmund Hsiao,et al.  Raclopride reduces sucrose preference in rats , 1995, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[338]  S. Cooper,et al.  Benzodiazepines and palatability: Taste reactivity in normal ingestion , 1995, Physiology & Behavior.

[339]  F. Flynn.  Applications of taste reactivity to the study of the neural-hormonal controls of ingestive behavior , 1995, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[340]  P. Kalivas,et al.  Interactions between dopamine and excitatory amino acids in behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants. , 1995, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[341]  A. Drewnowski,et al.  Naloxone, an opiate blocker, reduces the consumption of sweet high-fat foods in obese and lean female binge eaters. , 1995, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[342]  H. Fibiger,et al.  Dopaminergic correlates of motivated behavior: importance of drive , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[343]  L. Parker.  Rewarding drugs produce taste avoidance, but not taste aversion , 1995, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[344]  P. Winn.  The Lateral Hypothalamus and Motivated Behavior: An Old Syndrome Reassessed and a New Perspective Gained , 1995 .

[345]  H. Fibiger,et al.  Sexual activity increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of female rats , 1995, Brain Research.

[346]  P M Di Lorenzo,et al.  Corticofugal influence on taste responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[347]  I. Bernstein,et al.  Forebrain contribution to the induction of a cellular correlate of conditioned taste aversion in the nucleus of the solitary tract , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[348]  P. Mermelstein,et al.  Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the female rat during paced copulatory behavior. , 1995, Behavioral neuroscience.

[349]  H. Grill,et al.  Ingestive taste reactivity as licking behavior , 1995, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[350]  K. Berridge,et al.  Benzodiazepines, appetite, and taste palatability , 1995, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[351]  A. Galván,et al.  Reward and reinforcement produced by drinking sucrose: Two processes that may depend on different neurotransmitters , 1995, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[352]  M. Peng,et al.  Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens during sexual behavior in prenatally stressed adult male rats , 1995, Neuroscience Letters.

[353]  A. Graybiel,et al.  Temporal and spatial characteristics of tonically active neurons of the primate's striatum. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[354]  C. Pennartz.  The ascending neuromodulatory systems in learning by reinforcement: comparing computational conjectures with experimental findings , 1995, Brain Research Reviews.

[355]  R. Wise,et al.  Elevations of nucleus accumbens dopamine and DOPAC levels during intravenous heroin self‐administration , 1995, Synapse.

[356]  K. Nader,et al.  Neurobiology of withdrawal motivation: evidence for two separate aversive effects produced in morphine-naive versus morphine-dependent rats by both naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal. , 1995, Behavioral neuroscience.

[357]  R. Adolphs,et al.  Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans , 1995, Science.

[358]  P. Shizgal,et al.  On the Neural Computation of Utility , 1996 .

[359]  David D. Chaplin,et al.  Role of Lymphotoxin and the Type I TNF Receptor in the Formation of Germinal Centers , 1996, Science.

[360]  T. Borowski,et al.  Contribution of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons to expression of conditional fear: effects of electrical stimulation, excitotoxin lesions, and quinpirole infusion on potentiated startle in rats. , 1996, Behavioral neuroscience.

[361]  W. Schultz,et al.  Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli , 1996, Nature.

[362]  E. Nestler,et al.  Opposite Modulation of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior by D1- and D2-Like Dopamine Receptor Agonists , 1996, Science.

[363]  A. Levine,et al.  Palatability-induced hyperphagia increases hypothalamic Dynorphin peptide and mRNA levels , 1996, Brain Research.

[364]  Ferenc Gyulai,et al.  Human Brain Activity Response to Fentanyl Imaged by Positron Emission Tomography , 1996, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[365]  Joseph E LeDoux.  The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life , 1996 .

[366]  Jaak Panksepp,et al.  Dissociations between appetitive and consummatory responses by pharmacological manipulations of reward-relevant brain regions. , 1996, Behavioral Neuroscience.

[367]  P. Dayan,et al.  A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning , 1996, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[368]  R. Wise,et al.  Rewarding Actions of Phencyclidine and Related Drugs in Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Frontal Cortex , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[369]  L. Squire,et al.  Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[370]  B. Balleine,et al.  Bidirectional Instrumental Conditioning , 1996, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology.

[371]  E. Stein,et al.  Conditioned changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine signal established by intravenous cocaine in rats , 1996, Neuroscience Letters.

[372]  Joseph B. Justice,et al.  Conditioned place preference and locomotor activation produced by injection of psychostimulants into ventral pallidum , 1996, Brain Research.

[373]  B. Richmond,et al.  Neural signals in the monkey ventral striatum related to motivation for juice and cocaine rewards. , 1996, Journal of neurophysiology.

[374]  P. J. Brasted,et al.  The effect of systemic d-amphetamine on motor versus motivational processes in the rat , 1996, Psychopharmacology.

[375]  K. Berridge,et al.  Brainstem mediates diazepam enhancement of palatability and feeding: microinjections into fourth ventricle versus lateral ventricle , 1996, Brain Research.

[376]  B. McNaughton,et al.  Perception, memory, and emotion : frontiers in neuroscience , 1996 .

[377]  F. Flynn.  Mammalian bombesin-like peptides suppress sham drinking of salt by sodium-deficient rats , 1996, Peptides.

[378]  M. Cabanac,et al.  On the origin of consciousness, a postulate and its corollary , 1996, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[379]  R. Soussignan,et al.  Children's Facial Responsiveness to Odors: Influences of Hedonic Valence of Odor, Gender, Age, and Social Presence , 1996 .

[380]  R. Wise,et al.  Addictive drugs and brain stimulation reward. , 1996, Annual review of neuroscience.

[381]  H. Saito,et al.  Effect of conditioned fear stress on dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex , 1996, Neuroscience Letters.

[382]  J. Pfaus.  FRANK A. BEACH AWARD Homologies of Animal and Human Sexual Behaviors , 1996, Hormones and Behavior.

[383]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience. Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure. , 1996, The American psychologist.

[384]  J. Salamone,et al.  Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions alter relative response allocation in a T-maze cost/benefit task , 1996, Behavioural Brain Research.

[385]  M. Fantino,et al.  Mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity as a function of food reward: A microdialysis study , 1996, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[386]  A. Kelley,et al.  Investigation of the effects of opiate antagonists infused into the nucleus accumbens on feeding and sucrose drinking in rats. , 1996, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[387]  N M White,et al.  Addictive drugs as reinforcers: multiple partial actions on memory systems. , 1996, Addiction.

[388]  J. Salamone.  The behavioral neurochemistry of motivation: methodological and conceptual issues in studies of the dynamic activity of nucleus accumbens dopamine , 1996, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[389]  K. Delucchi,et al.  Haloperidol antagonism of cue-elicited cocaine craving , 1996, The Lancet.

[390]  K. Berridge.  Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking , 1996, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[391]  D. Murphy,et al.  Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking , 1996, Nature Genetics.

[392]  M. Fantino,et al.  Influence of the amount of food ingested on mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity: A microdialysis study , 1996, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[393]  A new taste reactivity analysis of the integration of taste and physiological state information. , 1996, The American journal of physiology.

[394]  L. Brauer,et al.  Subjective responses to d-amphetamine alone and after pimozide pretreatment in normal, healthy volunteers , 1996, Biological Psychiatry.

[395]  E. Kiyatkin,et al.  Functional significance of mesolimbic dopamine , 1995, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[396]  T. Kameyama,et al.  Changes in striatal dopamine release in stress-induced conditioned suppression of motility in rats , 1996, Behavioural Brain Research.

[397]  L. Parker,et al.  Morphine enhancement of sucrose palatability: Analysis by the taste reactivity test , 1996, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[398]  T. Robbins,et al.  Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation , 1996, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[399]  A. Gratton,et al.  Behavior-Relevant Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Transmission Elicited by Food Reinforcement: An Electrochemical Study in Rat , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[400]  R. Wise,et al.  The neurobiology of addiction , 2019, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[401]  B. Everitt,et al.  D3 receptor test in vitro predicts decreased cocaine self‐administration in rats , 1997, Neuroreport.

[402]  H. de Wit,et al.  Dopamine ligands and the stimulus effects of amphetamine: animal models versus human laboratory data , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[403]  A. Ettenberg,et al.  Concurrent Positive and Negative Goalbox Events Produce Runway Behaviors Comparable to Those of Cocaine-Reinforced Rats , 1997, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[404]  Peter Dayan,et al.  A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward , 1997, Science.

[405]  P. Shizgal.  Neural basis of utility estimation , 1997, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[406]  Pearce.  Animal learning and cognition , 1997 .

[407]  S. Smith‐Roe,et al.  Response-reinforcement learning is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens core. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[408]  A. Damasio,et al.  Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous Strategy , 1997, Science.

[409]  L. E. Thomson,et al.  Effect of dopamine receptor antagonists on cocaine subjective effects: a naturalistic case study. , 1997, Journal of substance abuse treatment.

[410]  D. Roberts,et al.  A Critique of Fixed and Progressive Ratio Schedules Used to Examine the Neural Substrates of Drug Reinforcement , 1997, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[411]  J. Salamone,et al.  Behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine: Empirical and conceptual problems with the anhedonia hypothesis , 1997, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[412]  Takashi Yamamoto,et al.  Acute sodium deficiency reduces gustatory responsiveness to NaCl in the parabrachial nucleus of rats , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[413]  G. Phillips,et al.  Enhanced stimulus-reward learning by intra-amygdala administration of a D3 dopamine receptor agonist , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[414]  F. Toates.  The interaction of cognitive and stimulus–response processes in the control of behaviour , 1997, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[415]  K. Berridge,et al.  Psychoactive drug use in evolutionary perspective. , 1997, Science.

[416]  S. Nakajima,et al.  The involvement of dopamine D2 receptors, but not D3 or D4 receptors, in the rewarding effect of brain stimulation in the rat , 1997, Brain Research.

[417]  L. Parsons,et al.  Opponent Process Model and Psychostimulant Addiction , 1997, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[418]  R. Christopher Pierce,et al.  A circuitry model of the expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-like psychostimulants , 1997, Brain Research Reviews.

[419]  G. Rebec,et al.  Activity of presumed dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area during heroin self‐administration , 1997, Neuroreport.

[420]  S. J. Gatley,et al.  Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects , 1997, Nature.

[421]  K. Berridge,et al.  Pimozide Does Not Shift Palatability: Separation of Anhedonia from Sensorimotor Suppression by Taste Reactivity , 1997, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[422]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Back to Bentham? Explorations of experience utility , 1997 .

[423]  P. Overton,et al.  Burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons , 1997, Brain Research Reviews.

[424]  R. Tamura,et al.  Repeated sodium depletion affects gustatory neural responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract of rats. , 1997, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[425]  G. Di Chiara,et al.  Blunting of reactivity of dopamine transmission to palatable food: a biochemical marker of anhedonia in the CMS model? , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[426]  G F Koob,et al.  Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. , 1997, Science.

[427]  S. Hyman,et al.  Acute Effects of Cocaine on Human Brain Activity and Emotion , 1997, Neuron.

[428]  V Bassareo,et al.  Differential Influence of Associative and Nonassociative Learning Mechanisms on the Responsiveness of Prefrontal and Accumbal Dopamine Transmission to Food Stimuli in Rats Fed Ad Libitum , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[429]  S. Kiefer,et al.  Naltrexone treatment increases the aversiveness of alcohol for outbred rats. , 1997, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[430]  N. Frijda,et al.  Facial expression and modes of action readiness , 1997 .

[431]  W. Schultz.  Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms , 1997, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[432]  H. Grill,et al.  Reward comparison in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1997, The American journal of physiology.

[433]  K. Nader,et al.  Deprivation State Switches the Neurobiological Substrates Mediating Opiate Reward in the Ventral Tegmental Area , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[434]  B. Hoebel,et al.  Norepinephrine Microinjections in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Increase Extracellular Dopamine and Decrease Acetylcholine in the Nucleus Accumbens: Relevance to Feeding Reinforcement , 1997, Journal of neurochemistry.

[435]  J. B. Justice,et al.  6-Hydroxydopamine lesion of ventral pallidum blocks acquisition of place preference conditioning to cocaine , 1997, Brain Research.

[436]  M. Yeomans,et al.  Effects of Naltrexone on Food Intake and Changes in Subjective Appetite During Eating: Evidence for Opioid Involvement in the Appetizer Effect , 1997, Physiology & Behavior.

[437]  K. Mcfarland,et al.  Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior produced by heroin-predictive environmental stimuli , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[438]  I. Wickelgren,et al.  Getting the Brain's Attention , 1997, Science.

[439]  J. Gray,et al.  Dopamine's role. , 1997, Science.

[440]  S. Higgs,et al.  Midazolam-induced rapid changes in licking behaviour: evidence for involvement of endogenous opioid peptides , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[441]  W. Meil,et al.  Olanzapine attenuates the reinforcing effects of cocaine. , 1997, European journal of pharmacology.

[442]  Dopamine's role [2] (multiple letters) , 1997 .

[443]  A. Phillips,et al.  Dynamic Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Efflux During the Coolidge Effect in Male Rats , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[444]  P. S. Grigson,et al.  Gustatory functions, sodium appetite, and conditioned taste aversion survive excitotoxic lesions of the thalamic taste area. , 1997, Behavioral neuroscience.

[445]  L. Squire,et al.  Emotional Perception and Memory in Amnesia , 1997 .

[446]  Steven I. Dworkin,et al.  Differences in extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens during response-dependent and response-independent cocaine administration in the rat , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[447]  L. Brauer,et al.  High Dose Pimozide Does Not Block Amphetamine-Induced Euphoria in Normal Volunteers , 1997, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[448]  A Role for D2, but not D1, Dopamine Receptors in the Response-Reinstating Effects of Food Reinforcement , 1997, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[449]  J. Gray,et al.  Latent inhibition: the nucleus accumbens connection revisited , 1997, Behavioural Brain Research.

[450]  Piotr Winkielman,et al.  Subliminal affective priming resists attributional interventions. , 1997 .

[451]  K. Nader,et al.  Neurobiological constraints on behavioral models of motivation. , 1997, Annual review of psychology.

[452]  F. Gonon.  Prolonged and Extrasynaptic Excitatory Action of Dopamine Mediated by D1 Receptors in the Rat Striatum In Vivo , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[453]  S. Foote,et al.  Distribution of dopamine β‐hydroxylase‐like immunoreactive fibers within the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens , 1997, Synapse.

[454]  B. Richmond,et al.  Neuronal Signals in the Monkey Ventral Striatum Related to Progress through a Predictable Series of Trials , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[455]  C. Blaha,et al.  Conditioned changes in dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens of rats by stimuli paired with self‐administration or yoked‐administration of d‐amphetamine , 1998, The European journal of neuroscience.

[456]  A. Michael,et al.  Direct Comparison of the Response of Voltammetry and Microdialysis to Electrically Evoked Release of Striatal Dopamine , 1998, Journal of neurochemistry.

[457]  J. Gray,et al.  Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat during associative learning of neutral stimuli , 1998, Neuroscience.

[458]  P. Södersten,et al.  CCK‐8 inhibits ingestive behavior in rats with lateral hypothalamic 6‐OHDA lesions , 1998, Neuroreport.

[459]  Cameron S. Carter,et al.  Dopamine and the mechanisms of cognition: Part I. A neural network model predicting dopamine effects on selective attention , 1998, Biological Psychiatry.

[460]  J. Salamone,et al.  The Role of Accumbens Dopamine in Lever Pressing and Response Allocation: Effects of 6-OHDA Injected into Core and Dorsomedial Shell , 1998, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[461]  C. Blaha,et al.  Pre-exposure of rats to amphetamine sensitizes self-administration of this drug under a progressive ratio schedule , 1998, Psychopharmacology.

[462]  S. Haber,et al.  Dopamine Neurons Make Glutamatergic Synapses In Vitro , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[463]  R. Hen,et al.  Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin-1B receptor , 1998, Nature.

[464]  B. Balleine,et al.  The role of incentive learning in instrumental outcome revaluation by sensory-specific satiety , 1998 .

[465]  R. Beninger,et al.  Dopamine D1-like Receptors and Reward-related Incentive Learning , 1998, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[466]  R. Clark,et al.  Classical conditioning and brain systems: the role of awareness. , 1998, Science.

[467]  B. Balleine,et al.  Goal-directed instrumental action: contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates , 1998, Neuropharmacology.

[468]  D. Brooks,et al.  Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game , 1998, Nature.

[469]  S. Hansen,et al.  Benzodiazepines enhance the consumption and palatability of alcohol in the rat , 1998, Psychopharmacology.

[470]  B. Hoebel,et al.  Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by hypothalamic stimulation-escape behavior , 1998, Brain Research.

[471]  J. Panksepp.  Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions , 1998 .

[472]  Drug addiction: Cocaine and the serotonin saga , 1998, Nature.

[473]  M. Haney,et al.  Effects of pergolide on intravenous cocaine self-administration in men and women , 1998, Psychopharmacology.

[474]  M. Bardo,et al.  Neuropharmacological mechanisms of drug reward: beyond dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. , 1998, Critical reviews in neurobiology.

[475]  J. Schulkin,et al.  From normal fear to pathological anxiety. , 1998, Psychological review.

[476]  G. Chiara.  A motivational learning hypothesis of the role of mesolimbic dopamine in compulsive drug use , 1998 .

[477]  H. Anisman,et al.  Aversive and Appetitive Events Evoke the Release of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Bombesin-Like Peptides at the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[478]  A. Michael,et al.  Modeling Voltammetry and Microdialysis of Striatal Extracellular Dopamine: The Impact of Dopamine Uptake on Extraction and Recovery Ratios , 1998, Journal of neurochemistry.

[479]  K. Nader,et al.  A Two-Separate-Motivational-Systems Hypothesis of Opioid Addiction , 1998, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[480]  P. Janak,et al.  Comparison of Mesocorticolimbic Neuronal Responses During Cocaine and Heroin Self-Administration in Freely Moving Rats , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[481]  R. Genn,et al.  Dopamine receptor subtypes and ingestive behaviour. , 1999 .

[482]  Peter Shizgal,et al.  On the neural computation of utility: implications from studies of brain stimulation reward , 1999 .

[483]  K. Berridge.  Pleasure, pain, desire, and dread: Hidden core processes of emotion. , 1999 .

[484]  J. Bachorowski,et al.  Emotions and Psychopathology , 1999 .

[485]  R. Depue,et al.  Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion , 1999, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.