A Lithium/Polysulfide Battery with Dual-Working Mode Enabled by Liquid Fuel and Acrylate-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte.

The low density associated with low sulfur areal loading in the solid-state sulfur cathode of current Li-S batteries is an issue hindering the development of this type of battery. Polysulfide catholyte as a recyclable liquid fuel was proven to enhance both the energy density and power density of the battery. However, a critical barrier with this lithium (Li)/polysulfide battery is that the shuttle effect, which is the crossover of polysulfides and side deposition on the Li anode, becomes much more severe than that in conventional Li-S batteries with a solid-state sulfur cathode. In this work, we successfully applied an acrylate-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) to the Li/polysulfide system. The GPE layer can effectively block the detrimental diffusion of polysulfides and protect the Li metal from the side passivation reaction. Cathode-static batteries utilizing 2 M catholyte (areal sulfur loading of 6.4 mg cm-2) present superior cycling stability (727.4 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 0.2 C) and high rate capability (814 mAh g-1 at 2 C) and power density (∼10 mW cm-2), which also possess replaceable and encapsulated merits for mobile devices. In the cathode-flow mode, the Li/polysulfide system with catholyte supplied from an external tank demonstrates further improved power density (∼69 mW cm-2) and stable cycling performance. This novel and simple Li/polysulfide system represents a significant advancement of high energy density sulfur-based batteries for future power sources.

[1]  T. Zhao,et al.  An aprotic lithium/polyiodide semi-liquid battery with an ionic shield , 2017 .

[2]  T. Zhao,et al.  Modeling of lithium-sulfur batteries incorporating the effect of Li2S precipitation , 2016 .

[3]  Yutao Li,et al.  Graphene Sandwiched by Sulfur-Confined Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets: A Kinetically Stable Cathode for Li-S Batteries. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[4]  Yan‐Bing He,et al.  Dense coating of Li4Ti5O12 and graphene mixture on the separator to produce long cycle life of lithium-sulfur battery , 2016 .

[5]  Shaofei Wang,et al.  Durability of the Li1+xTi2–xAlx(PO4)3 Solid Electrolyte in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries , 2016 .

[6]  T. Zhao,et al.  A Highly-Safe Lithium-Ion Sulfur Polymer Battery with SnO 2 Anode and Acrylate-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte , 2016 .

[7]  Sen Xin,et al.  Conductive Carbon Network inside a Sulfur-Impregnated Carbon Sponge: A Bioinspired High-Performance Cathode for Li-S Battery. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[8]  Ming Liu,et al.  Cyclized-polyacrylonitrile modified carbon nanofiber interlayers enabling strong trapping of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries , 2016 .

[9]  Yutao Li,et al.  Built‐in Carbon Nanotube Network inside a Biomass‐Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon to Enhance the Performance of the Sulfur Cathode in a Li‐S Battery , 2016 .

[10]  Yi Cui,et al.  The Electrochemistry with Lithium versus Sodium of Selenium Confined To Slit Micropores in Carbon. , 2016, Nano letters.

[11]  T. Zhao,et al.  Borophene: A promising anode material offering high specific capacity and high rate capability for lithium-ion batteries , 2016 .

[12]  A. Manthiram,et al.  High-Energy-Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Based on Blade-Cast Pure Sulfur Electrodes , 2016 .

[13]  Ming Liu,et al.  Monodispersed SnO2 nanospheres embedded in framework of graphene and porous carbon as anode for lithium ion batteries , 2016 .

[14]  Ming Liu,et al.  Novel gel polymer electrolyte for high- performance lithium-sulfur batteries , 2016 .

[15]  G. Shi,et al.  Graphene materials for lithium–sulfur batteries , 2015 .

[16]  L. Arava,et al.  Electrocatalytic Polysulfide Traps for Controlling Redox Shuttle Process of Li-S Batteries. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  Yue Zhou,et al.  High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Cost-Effective Carbon Paper Electrode and High Sulfur-Loading , 2015 .

[18]  Yi Cui,et al.  Enhanced Cyclability of Li/Polysulfide Batteries by a Polymer-Modified Carbon Paper Current Collector. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[19]  Jun Liu,et al.  On the Way Toward Understanding Solution Chemistry of Lithium Polysulfides for High Energy Li–S Redox Flow Batteries , 2015 .

[20]  Christopher J. Ellison,et al.  Trapping lithium polysulfides of a Li–S battery by forming lithium bonds in a polymer matrix , 2015 .

[21]  Arumugam Manthiram,et al.  Long-life Li/polysulphide batteries with high sulphur loading enabled by lightweight three-dimensional nitrogen/sulphur-codoped graphene sponge , 2015, Nature Communications.

[22]  Shizhao Xiong,et al.  Polysulfide-containing Glyme-based Electrolytes for Lithium Sulfur Battery , 2015 .

[23]  Yongyao Xia,et al.  A scalable hybrid separator for a high performance lithium-sulfur battery. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[24]  A. Manthiram,et al.  A Facile Layer‐by‐Layer Approach for High‐Areal‐Capacity Sulfur Cathodes , 2015, Advanced materials.

[25]  A. Manthiram,et al.  Free-standing TiO2 nanowire-embedded graphene hybrid membrane for advanced Li/dissolved polysulfide batteries , 2015 .

[26]  Yanwu Zhu,et al.  Hierarchically micro/mesoporous activated graphene with a large surface area for high sulfur loading in Li–S batteries , 2015 .

[27]  Dipan Kundu,et al.  Rational design of sulphur host materials for Li-S batteries: correlating lithium polysulphide adsorptivity and self-discharge capacity loss. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[28]  Yi-Chun Lu,et al.  Sulphur-impregnated flow cathode to enable high-energy-density lithium flow batteries , 2015, Nature Communications.

[29]  Xiao Liang,et al.  A highly efficient polysulfide mediator for lithium–sulfur batteries , 2015, Nature Communications.

[30]  Ming Liu,et al.  High catalytic activity of anatase titanium dioxide for decomposition of electrolyte solution in lithium ion battery , 2014 .

[31]  Guoqiang Ma,et al.  A lithium anode protection guided highly-stable lithium-sulfur battery. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[32]  Kai Han,et al.  Free-standing nitrogen-doped graphene paper as electrodes for high-performance lithium/dissolved polysulfide batteries. , 2014, ChemSusChem.

[33]  Wolfgang G. Bessler,et al.  Mechanistic modeling of polysulfide shuttle and capacity loss in lithium-sulfur batteries , 2014 .

[34]  Arumugam Manthiram,et al.  Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries. , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[35]  Yi Cui,et al.  Improving lithium–sulphur batteries through spatial control of sulphur species deposition on a hybrid electrode surface , 2014, Nature Communications.

[36]  Gareth H McKinley,et al.  Polysulfide flow batteries enabled by percolating nanoscale conductor networks. , 2014, Nano letters.

[37]  H. Gasteiger,et al.  Probing the Lithium−Sulfur Redox Reactions: A Rotating-Ring Disk Electrode Study , 2014 .

[38]  Liquan Chen,et al.  Reduced graphene oxide film as a shuttle-inhibiting interlayer in a lithium–sulfur battery , 2013 .

[39]  Ming Liu,et al.  Li‐ion Reaction to Improve the Rate Performance of Nanoporous Anatase TiO2 Anodes , 2013 .

[40]  Ming Liu,et al.  Effect of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on cyclic performance of Li4Ti5O12 anodes for Li ion batteries , 2013 .

[41]  Bruno Scrosati,et al.  A lithium-sulfur battery using a solid, glass-type P2S5-Li2S electrolyte , 2013 .

[42]  M. Engelhard,et al.  Ionic liquid-enhanced solid state electrolyte interface (SEI) for lithium–sulfur batteries , 2013 .

[43]  L. Nazar,et al.  New approaches for high energy density lithium-sulfur battery cathodes. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[44]  A. Manthiram,et al.  Challenges and prospects of lithium-sulfur batteries. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[45]  Guangyuan Zheng,et al.  A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage , 2013 .

[46]  Guangyuan Zheng,et al.  Nanostructured sulfur cathodes. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[47]  Shejun Hu,et al.  Lithium-sulfur cell with combining carbon nanofibers–sulfur cathode and gel polymer electrolyte , 2012 .

[48]  Arumugam Manthiram,et al.  Lithium–sulphur batteries with a microporous carbon paper as a bifunctional interlayer , 2012, Nature Communications.

[49]  Jean-Marie Tarascon,et al.  Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage. , 2011, Nature materials.

[50]  Chunsheng Wang,et al.  Sulfur-impregnated disordered carbon nanotubes cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries. , 2011, Nano letters.

[51]  H. Dai,et al.  Graphene-wrapped sulfur particles as a rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery cathode material with high capacity and cycling stability. , 2011, Nano letters.

[52]  Bruno Scrosati,et al.  Moving to a Solid‐State Configuration: A Valid Approach to Making Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Viable for Practical Applications , 2010, Advanced materials.

[53]  L. Nazar,et al.  A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. , 2009, Nature materials.

[54]  K. Zaghib,et al.  High reversible capacities of graphite and SiO/graphite with solvent-free solid polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries , 2008 .

[55]  Kang Xu,et al.  EIS study on the formation of solid electrolyte interface in Li-ion battery , 2006 .

[56]  Y. Rena,et al.  In-situ Fabrication of a Freestanding Acrylate-based Hierarchical Electrolyte for Lithium-sulfur Batteries , 2016 .

[57]  Feng Li,et al.  Carbon materials for Li–S batteries: Functional evolution and performance improvement , 2016 .

[58]  Bruno Scrosati,et al.  All Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Battery Using a Glass-Type P2S5–Li2S Electrolyte: Benefits on Anode Kinetics , 2015 .

[59]  Shaogang Wang,et al.  Rapid communicationA graphene foam electrode with high sulfur loading for flexible and high energy Li-S batteries , 2015 .

[60]  Jean-Marie Tarascon,et al.  Li–S batteries: simple approaches for superior performance , 2013 .