QoS-based Distributed Time Synchronization mechanism for high intensity vehicular networks

Vehicular-to-Vehicular (V2V) and Vehicular-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) environment rely mainly on Medium Access Control (MAC) to minimize the delay and maintain reliable access to the communication medium. IEEE 802.11p standard is developed to achieve these goals. However its performance deteriorates drastically in large networks due to the high level of contention between the vehicles. In this paper, we propose a Quality of Service (QoS) based MAC scheme for high intensity vehicular networks to maintain low delays, high throughput and support QoS provisioning for critical traffic. We develop a model to partition the network into clusters managed by Cluster Heads (CHs), the CHs form a multi-layer architecture where the Road Side Unit (RSU) is located at the root of the tree. We propose a QoS Distributed Time Synchronization (QDTS) mechanism to manage the Time Slot (TS) allocations in a distributed manner. We develop three communication scenarios to evaluate our mechanism in terms of average end to end delay and average throughput. Our results show that our mechanism outperforms the IEEE 802.11p standard, the average end-to-end delay is reduced and the average network throughput is increased.

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