Vector-Matrix Multiply and Winner-Take-All as an Analog Classifier

The vector-matrix multiply and winner-take-all structure is presented as a general-purpose, low-power, compact, programmable classifier architecture that is capable of greater computation than a one-layer neural network, and equivalent to a two-layer perceptron. The classifier generates event outputs and is suitable for integration with event-driven systems. The main sources of mismatch, temperature dependence, and methods for compensation are discussed. We present measured data from simple linear and nonlinear classifier structures on a 0.35-μm chip and analyze the power and computing efficiency for scaled structures.

[1]  Paul E. Hasler,et al.  Mismatch Characterization and Calibration for Accurate and Automated Analog Design , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[2]  Christopher M. Twigg,et al.  A Floating-Gate-Based Field-Programmable Analog Array , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[3]  Tadashi Shibata,et al.  Analog Soft-Pattern-Matching Classifier using Floating-Gate MOS Technology , 2001, NIPS.

[4]  Paul E. Hasler,et al.  A Digitally Enhanced Dynamically Reconfigurable Analog Platform for Low-Power Signal Processing , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[5]  Ming Gu,et al.  Synthesis of Bias-Scalable CMOS Analog Computational Circuits Using Margin Propagation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[6]  T. Kailath,et al.  Discrete Neural Computation: A Theoretical Foundation , 1995 .

[7]  F ROSENBLATT,et al.  The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. , 1958, Psychological review.

[8]  John R. Barry,et al.  Low-Power Discrete Fourier Transform for OFDM: A Programmable Analog Approach , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[9]  Wolfgang Maass,et al.  On the Computational Power of Winner-Take-All , 2000, Neural Computation.

[10]  Carver Mead,et al.  Analog VLSI and neural systems , 1989 .

[11]  John Lazzaro,et al.  Winner-Take-All Networks of O(N) Complexity , 1988, NIPS.

[12]  Giacomo Indiveri,et al.  Modeling Selective Attention Using a Neuromorphic Analog VLSI Device , 2000, Neural Computation.

[13]  P.R. Kinget Device mismatch and tradeoffs in the design of analog circuits , 2005, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[14]  Bernard Widrow,et al.  Neural nets for adaptive filtering and adaptive pattern recognition , 1988, Computer.

[15]  Kiichi Urahama,et al.  K-winners-take-all circuit with O(N) complexity , 1995, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[16]  Shahram Minaei,et al.  A CMOS Classifier Circuit Using Neural Networks With Novel Architecture , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks.

[17]  Timothy K. Horiuchi,et al.  Object-Based Selection Within an Analog VLSI Visual Attention System , 1998 .

[18]  Anders Krogh,et al.  Introduction to the theory of neural computation , 1994, The advanced book program.

[19]  Paul E. Hasler,et al.  A Highly Dense, Low Power, Programmable Analog Vector-Matrix Multiplier: The FPAA Implementation , 2011, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems.

[20]  Christof Koch,et al.  An Adaptive WTA using Floating Gate Technology , 1996, NIPS.

[21]  Venkatesh Srinivasan,et al.  A 531 nW/MHz, 128/spl times/32 current-mode programmable analog vector-matrix multiplier with over two decades of linearity , 2004, Proceedings of the IEEE 2004 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37571).

[22]  Giacomo Indiveri,et al.  A Current-Mode Hysteretic Winner-take-all Network, with Excitatory and Inhibitory Coupling , 2001 .