Multilook SAR Tomography for 3-D Reconstruction and Monitoring of Single Structures Applied to COSMO-SKYMED Data

With reference to the application to the imaging and monitoring of infrastructures and buildings in urban areas, SAR tomography has been mainly developed and tested at full resolution. In this work, we investigate the possibility related to the use of a multilook approach for fine resolution analysis of ground structures that combines SAR tomography and a method, CAESAR, recently proposed for classical DInSAR analysis at coarse resolution over large areas. Shown results, achieved by processing two 3 m spatial resolution (stripmap mode) COSMO-SKYMED datasets relative to the urban areas of Naples and Rome (Italy), clearly indicate that the proposed multilook-based method allows achieving an impressive density of detected scatterers over buildings and infrastructures, much higher than those achievable with standard full-resolution methods.

[1]  S. Cloude.  Polarization coherence tomography , 2006 .

[2]  Fabio Bovenga,et al.  SPINUA: A FLEXIBLE PROCESSING CHAIN FOR ERS / ENVISAT LONG TERM INTERFEROMETRY , 2005 .

[3]  J. Mallorquí,et al.  The Coherent Pixels Technique (CPT): An Advanced DInSAR Technique for Nonlinear Deformation Monitoring , 2008 .

[4]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  Bridge Thermal Dilation Monitoring With Millimeter Sensitivity via Multidimensional SAR Imaging , 2013, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[5]  Konstantinos P. Papathanassiou,et al.  Polarimetric SAR interferometry , 1998, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[6]  H. Zebker,et al.  A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers , 2004 .

[7]  Gilda Schirinzi,et al.  Three-Dimensional SAR Focusing From Multipass Signals Using Compressive Sampling , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[8]  Uwe Soergel,et al.  Potential and limits of InSAR data for building reconstruction in built-up areas , 2003 .

[9]  Eric Pottier,et al.  An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR , 1997, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[10]  Fabio Rocca,et al.  Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry , 1999, Remote Sensing.

[11]  Fabio Bovenga,et al.  Postseismic Deformation Monitoring With the COSMO/SKYMED Constellation , 2011, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[12]  Mario Costantini,et al.  Method of persistent scatterer pairs (PSP) and high resolution SAR interferometry , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[13]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  CAESAR: An Approach Based on Covariance Matrix Decomposition to Improve Multibaseline–Multitemporal Interferometric SAR Processing , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[14]  Urs Wegmüller,et al.  EAS-ASAR Integration in the Interferometric Point Target Analysis , 2005 .

[15]  A. Arnaud,et al.  First results of Stable Point Network software using TerraSAR-X data , 2010 .

[16]  Simona Verde,et al.  SAR coherence tomography: A new approach for coherent analysis of urban areas , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - IGARSS.

[17]  Laurent Ferro-Famil,et al.  Polarimetric SAR tomography of natural environments using hybrid spectral estimators , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[18]  L. Cascini,et al.  Detection and monitoring of facilities exposed to subsidence phenomena via past and current generation SAR sensors , 2013 .

[19]  M. Stephens.  Use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-Von Mises and Related Statistics without Extensive Tables , 1970 .

[20]  Alberto Moreira,et al.  First demonstration of airborne SAR tomography using multibaseline L-band data , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[21]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  Four-Dimensional SAR Imaging for Height Estimation and Monitoring of Single and Double Scatterers , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[22]  Claudio Prati,et al.  A New Algorithm for Processing Interferometric Data-Stacks: SqueeSAR , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[23]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  4-D SAR Imaging: The Case Study of Rome , 2010, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[24]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  Detection of Single Scatterers in Multidimensional SAR Imaging , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[25]  Eric Pottier,et al.  A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry , 1996, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[26]  Fabrizio Lombardini,et al.  Differential tomography: a new framework for SAR interferometry , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[27]  Stefano Tebaldini,et al.  Single and Multipolarimetric SAR Tomography of Forested Areas: A Parametric Approach , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[28]  Fabiana Calò,et al.  An application of the SBAS-DInSAR technique for the assessment of structural damage in the city of Rome , 2014 .

[29]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[30]  F. Gini,et al.  Layover solution in multibaseline SAR interferometry , 2002 .

[31]  Xiao Xiang Zhu,et al.  SAR Tomography: an advanced tool for spaceborne 4D radar scanning with application to imaging and monitoring of cities and single buildings , 2012 .

[32]  Michele Crosetto,et al.  The Thermal Expansion Component of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Observations , 2011, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[33]  Laurent Ferro-Famil,et al.  Polarimetric Dual-Baseline InSAR Building Height Estimation at L-Band , 2009, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[34]  Laurent Ferro-Famil,et al.  Three-Dimensional Imaging and Scattering Mechanism Estimation Over Urban Scenes Using Dual-Baseline Polarimetric InSAR Observations at L-Band , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[35]  M. Crosetto,et al.  Two Radar Interferometric Approaches to Monitor Slow and Fast Land Deformation , 2007 .

[36]  Richard Bamler,et al.  Demonstration of Super-Resolution for Tomographic SAR Imaging in Urban Environment , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[37]  Richard Bamler,et al.  Tomographic Imaging and Monitoring of Buildings With Very High Resolution SAR Data , 2011, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[38]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  Three-dimensional multipass SAR focusing: experiments with long-term spaceborne data , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[39]  Fabio Rocca,et al.  Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[40]  Alessandro Parizzi,et al.  Adaptive InSAR Stack Multilooking Exploiting Amplitude Statistics: A Comparison Between Different Techniques and Practical Results , 2011, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[41]  I. Hajnsek,et al.  A tutorial on synthetic aperture radar , 2013, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine.

[42]  Gianfranco Fornaro,et al.  Deformation monitoring over large areas with multipass differential SAR interferometry: a new approach based on the use of spatial differences , 2009 .