Constructive Learning: The Role of the Learner

In long term memory there are, we think, three kinds of memory representations: semantic, episodic and action representations (see Boekaerts, 1987). Semantic representations refer to concepts and principles with their defining characteristics (like a bird is an animal with feathers). Episodic representations are based on personal, situated and affective experiences with instances of the concepts and principles (like I love my little bird). Action representations refer to the things one can do with the semantic and episodic information: solving certain kinds of problems, using the knowledge (like birds can bring over messages).

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