Closed form approximate solutions for smoke filling in enclosures including the volume expansion term

Closed form solutions are proposed for filling times and upper layer temperatures in enclosures for any growing fire including the volume expansion term and convective heat losses to the enclosure walls. This solution is important to assess tenability conditions in large spaces as it was shown in another paper (Fire Safety J, 2002, submitted for publication) where a closed form solution was derived for t-square fires.