Multiple auditory areas

1 The Auditory Cortex: Patterns of Corticocortical Projections Related to Physiological Maps in the Cat.- 1. Tonotopic Organization.- 1.1. Field A I.- 1.2. Field A.- 1.3. Fields P and VP.- 1.4. Isofrequency Contours.- 1.5. The Peripheral Auditory Belt.- 2. Corticocortical Conections Related to Best-Frequency Maps.- 2.1. Relationship between Best Frequencies Located at the Sources and Terminations of Corticortical Connections.- 2.2. Topography of Projections: Patches and Bands.- 3. Binaural Organization of A I.- 4. Corticocortical Connections Related to Binaural Maps.- 4.1. Patterns of Callosal Innervation in A I.- 4.2. Patterns of Ipsilateral Corticocortical Terminations in A I.- Abbreviations.- References.- 2 Auditory Forebrain Organization: Thalamocortical and Corticothalamic Connections in the Cat.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Redefinition of Auditory Cortical Fields in the Cat.- 1.2. Internal Organization of Auditory Cortical Fields.- 1.3. Internal Organization of the Medial Geniculate Body (MGB).- 2. Basic Approach.- 3. Summary of Results.- 3.1. Geometry of Arrays of Neurons Projecting from MGB to A I.- 3.2. Banding of the MGB Ventral Division Projection.- 3.3. Descending Corticothalamic Projections from A I to the MGB.- 3.4. Interconnections of MGB Nuclei with Other Cortical Fields.- 4. Conclusions..- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3 Auditory Cortical Areas in Primates.- 1. Early Studies in Monkeys, Apes and Humans.- 2. Microelectrode Studies of the Organization of Primate Auditory Cortex.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4 Organization of Auditory Connections: The Primate Auditory Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cytoarchitecture of the Medial Geniculate Body.- 3. Projections to the Medial Geniculate.- 4. Projections to Other Thalamic Nuclei.- 5. Projections to the Inferior Colliculus.- 6. Cortical Projections.- 7. Ipsilateral Cortical Projections.- 8. Contralateral Cortical Projections.- Abbreviations.- References.- 5 Polysensory "Association" Areas of the Cerebral Cortex: Organization of Acoustic Input in the Cat.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Cortical Association Areas and Hypothesized Sources of Sensory Input.- 1.2. Lesion Studies of Acoustic Input and the Question of Specific Receptive-Field Properties.- 2. Methods.- 3. Acoustic Properties of Neurons in Cortical Association Fields.- 3.1. General Response Properties.- 3.2. Frequency Tuning and Thresholds.- 3.3. Binaural Properties.- 4. The Nonspecific Projection System.- 4.1. Acoustic Input to Medial/Intralaminar Thalamus.- 4.2. Cortical Projections from Medial/Intralaminar Thalamus.- 4.3. The Mesencephalic Reticular Formation: Acoustic Input and Connections.- 4.4. Conclusions and Commentary.- 5. The Auditory "Lemniscal Adjunct" System.- 5.1. The "Lemniscal Line"/"Lemniscal Adjunct" Distinction.- 5.2. The Pulvinar-Posterior Complex: Acoustic Input and Connections.- 5.3. Possible Input from Auditory Cortex.- 6. Chloralose Anesthesia and the Functional Interpretation of the Data.- 7. Conclusions and Final Considerations.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 6 Functional Organization of the Auditory Cortex: Representation Beyond Tonotopy in the Bat.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Hypotheses and Neurophysiology of Cortical Representation of Auditory Information.- 1.2. Unique Aspects of the Biosonar Signals and the Peripheral Auditory System of the Mustached Bat.- 2. Methods.- 2.1. Materials.- 2.2. Surgery.- 2.3. Animals During Experiments.- 2.4. Acoustic Stimuli.- 2.5. Data Acquisition.- 2.6. Anesthetics and Neural Activity.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. Areas Specialized for Processing Biosonar Information in the Cerebrum.- 3.2. Extraction of Information-Bearing Elements and Examination of Their Combinations.- 3.3. Specialized and Unspecialized Neurons.- 3.4. Parallel-Hierachical Processing.- 3.5. Specialized Neurons as IBP Filters.- 3.6. Appendix.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7 A Theory of Neural Auditory Space: Auditory Representation in the Owl and Its Significance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Perception of Auditory Space.- 3. Auditory Receptive Field.- 4. A Neural Map of Auditory Space.- 5. Functional Division within the Auditory Midbrain.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 8 Cortical Auditory Area of Macaca mulatta and Its Relation to the Second Somatic Sensory Area (SM II): Determination by Electrical Excitation of Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Spiral Osseous Lamina and by Click Stimulation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Cortical Area Responsive to Clicks.- 3.2. Topical Projection of Nerve Fibers from Local Regions of the Cochlea to the Cerebral Cortex.- 3.3. The Second Somatic Sensory Area.- 4. Discussion.- 4.1. The Auditory Cortex as Defined by These Experiments.- 4.2. More Recent Studies of Auditory Cortex in Primates.- 4.3. Homologies of Auditory Areas in Cat and Monkey.- 4.4. The Second Somatic Sensory Area of the Monkey and Its Relation to the Auditory Area.- Acknowledgments.- References.