Direct Imaging Search for Extrasolar Planets in the Pleiades

We carried out an imaging survey for extrasolar planets around stars in the Pleiades (125 Myr, 135 pc) in the H and KS bands using HiCIAO combined with adaptive optics, AO188, on the Subaru telescope. We found 13 companion candidates fainter than 14.5 mag in the H band around 9 stars. Five of these 13 were confirmed to be background stars by measurement of their proper motion. One was not found in the second epoch observation, and thus was not a background or companion object. One had multi-epoch images, but the precision of its proper motion was not sufficient to conclude whether it was a background object. Four other candidates are waiting for second-epoch observations to determine their proper motion. Finally, the remaining two were confirmed to be 60 MJ brown dwarf companions orbiting around HD 23514 (G0) and HII 1348 (K5), respectively, as had been reported in previous studies. In our observations, the average detection limit for a point source was 20.3 mag in the H band beyond 1.′′ 5 from the central star. On the basis of this detection limit, we calculated the detection efficiency to be 90% for a planet with 6 to 12 Jovian masses and a semi-major axis of 50-1000 AU. For this reason we extrapolated the distribution of the planet mass and the semi-major axis derived from radial velocity observations, and adopted the planet evolution model Baraffe et al. (2003, A&A, 402, 701). Since there was no detection of a planet, we estimated the frequency of such planets to be less than 17.9% (2 σ) around one star of the Pleiades cluster.

Olivier Guyon | Yutaka Hayano | Taro Matsuo | Timothy D. Brandt | Edwin L. Turner | Masayuki Kuzuhara | Miki Ishii | Masanori Iye | Markus Janson | Ryo Kandori | Jun-Ichi Morino | Tetsuo Nishimura | Eugene Serabyn | Hiroshi Suto | Tae-Soo Pyo | Hideki Takami | Hiroshi Terada | Nobuhiko Kusakabe | Motohide Tamura | Ryuji Suzuki | Wolfgang Brandner | Masahiko Hayashi | Tomonori Usuda | Hiroshi Shibai | Toru Yamada | Makoto Watanabe | Jun Hashimoto | Lyu Abe | John Wisniewski | Naruhisa Takato | Markus Feldt | Thayne Currie | Yoichi Itoh | Kodai Yamamoto | Mihoko Konishi | Sebastian E. Egner | Takahiro Sumi | Joseph Carson | Thomas Henning | Michihiro Takami | Jungmi Kwon | Christian Thalmann | Misato Fukagawa | Miwa Goto | Klaus Hodapp | Shoken Miyama | Amaya Moro-Martin | Tomoyuki Kudo | Gillian R. Knapp | J. Wisniewski | L. Abe | M. Tamura | H. Shibai | K. Hodapp | A. Moro-martin | E. Serabyn | O. Guyon | T. Matsuo | M. McElwain | W. Brandner | M. Feldt | T. Henning | C. Thalmann | M. Janson | E. Turner | G. Knapp | S. Egner | Toru Yamada | M. Hayashi | S. Miyama | H. Suto | M. Kuzuhara | T. Kudo | N. Kusakabe | J. Nishikawa | Y. Hayano | N. Takato | J. Morino | J. Kwon | J. Hashimoto | R. Kandori | Makoto Watanabe | Y. Itoh | M. Iye | T. Usuda | C. Grady | R. Suzuki | D. Tomono | H. Takami | T. Pyo | H. Terada | T. Currie | M. Goto | T. Nishimura | M. Takami | M. Ishii | J. Carson | M. Fukagawa | S. Hayashi | Daigo Tomono | T. Sumi | Carol Grady | Saeko Hayashi | Mike McElwain | M. Konishi | R. Tanii | Kodai Yamamoto | J. Sudo | Jun Sudo | Ryoko Tanii | June Nishikawa | A. Moro-Martin

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