NCRR: A novel method for measuring disease similarity based on non-coding RNA regulation

Complex diseases are not simply caused by a single gene, single mRNA transcript or single protein but the effect of their collaborations. Measuring similarity between complex diseases plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of the diseases, which can also support identifying potential therapeutic drugs for diseases. With the rapid development of technology, it has been consentaneous that functional associations between disease-related genes and semantic associations can be applied to calculate disease similarity. Recent years, more and more studies have demonstrated a profound involvement of the non-coding RNA in the regulation of genome organization and gene expression. Non-coding RNA seem to operate at several biological levels such as epigenetic processes that control differentiation and development. Thus, taking noncoding RNA into account can be useful in measuring disease similarities. However, existing methods ignore the regulation functions of non-coding RNA in biological process. In this work, we proposed a novel method, NCRR (non-coding RNA regulated based similarity measurement), to measure disease similarity integrating functional associations between disease-related genes, semantic associations between diseases and similarities between disease-related non-coding RNAs. NCRR employs the Jaccard coefficient to measure the similarity between gene sets regulated by disease-related lncRNAs and disease-related miRNAs.

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