Spectral wave modelling of Typhoon Krosa

Abstract. This paper presents modelling the wave conditions in Typhoon Krosa prior to touching Taiwan in October 2007, with third-generation wave models of SWAN and WWM. The accuracy of the extreme wave measurement Hmax = 32 m with significant wave height Hs ≈ 24 m at the depth of h = 38 m is discussed first. It is concluded that the measurement does not appear faulty and is physically realistic. The numerical results are then analysed in order to examine the models' capability to reproduce the observed conditions. It is found that neither SWAN nor WWMII are able to hindcast the extreme measurement. Series of sensitivity tests are conducted for different numerical and diffraction schemes, and source functions. It is shown that, in the circumstances, the model performance only improves in response to the bottom-limited breaking formulation.

[1]  T. Waseda,et al.  Wave Breaking in Directional Fields , 2011 .

[2]  M. Zijlema.  Computation of wind-wave spectra in coastal waters with SWAN on unstructured grids , 2010 .

[3]  Alexander V. Babanin,et al.  Numerical and laboratory investigation of breaking of steep two-dimensional waves in deep water , 2010, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[4]  Chia Chuen Kao,et al.  Statistics of buoy-observed waves during typhoons at Taiwanese Waters from 1997 to 2008 , 2009, OCEANS 2009.

[5]  Luigi Cavaleri,et al.  Wave Modeling—Missing the Peaks , 2009 .

[6]  Tai-Wen Hsu,et al.  On the development and verification of a 2-D coupled wave-current model on unstructured meshes , 2009 .

[7]  T. T. Janssen,et al.  Nonlinear Wave Statistics in a Focal Zone , 2009 .

[8]  Alexander V. Babanin,et al.  BREAKING OF OCEAN SURFACE WAVES , 2009 .

[9]  C T Stansberg,et al.  Statistical properties of directional ocean waves: the role of the modulational instability in the formation of extreme events. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[10]  Takuji Waseda,et al.  Evolution of a Random Directional Wave and Freak Wave Occurrence , 2009 .

[11]  Chia Chuen Kao,et al.  Monstrous ocean waves during typhoon Krosa , 2008 .

[12]  D. Chalikov,et al.  Predicting the breaking onset of surface water waves , 2007 .

[13]  Stephan T. Grilli,et al.  Numerical modeling of extreme rogue waves generated by directional energy focusing , 2007 .

[14]  Tai-Wen Hsu,et al.  Hindcasting nearshore wind waves using a FEM code for SWAN , 2005 .

[15]  U. Zanke,et al.  Verification and improvement of a spectral finite element wave model , 2005 .

[16]  Alexander V. Babanin,et al.  Using wavelet spectrum analysis to resolve breaking events in the wind wave time series , 2004 .

[17]  Nico Booij,et al.  Phase-decoupled refraction¿diffraction for spectral wave models , 2003 .

[18]  Rémi Abgrall,et al.  Construction of second order accurate monotone and stable residual distribution schemes for unsteady flow problems , 2003 .

[19]  Tai-Wen Hsu,et al.  Simulating typhoon waves by SWAN wave model in coastal waters of Taiwan , 2002 .

[20]  N. Booij,et al.  A third‐generation wave model for coastal regions: 2. Verification , 1999 .

[21]  Min-Chih Huang,et al.  Wave direction analysis from data buoys , 1998 .

[22]  Y. Eldeberky,et al.  Nonlinear transformation of wave spectra in the nearshore , 1996 .

[23]  M. Donelan,et al.  Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves , 1994 .

[24]  Alexander V. Babanin,et al.  Measurement of wind waves by means of a buoy accelerometer wave gauge , 1993 .

[25]  W. H. Hui,et al.  Linear and nonlinear propagation of water wave groups , 1992 .

[26]  W. Melville,et al.  Laboratory measurements of deep-water breaking waves , 1990, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[27]  C. Vincent,et al.  REFRACTION-DIFFRACTION OF IRREGULAR WAVES OVER A MOUND , 1989 .

[28]  John D. Fenton,et al.  STRONGLY NONLINEAR WAVES , 1982 .

[29]  J. A. Battjes,et al.  ENERGY LOSS AND SET-UP DUE TO BREAKING OF RANDOM WAVES , 1978 .

[30]  N. N. Yanenko,et al.  The Method of Fractional Steps , 1971 .