Miniaturized quadrature hybrid coupler using high impedance lines

In this article, a new configuration has been proposed for miniaturization of a branch-line 90° hybrid coupler. The present coupler is obtained by replacing the low impedance series arms of a conventional coupler by their equivalent parallel high impedance lines. This arrangement facilitates meandering, used to realize a compact geometry. The main advantage of the proposed coupler is that it has approximately the same bandwidth as that of a conventional one. A prototype coupler area is 45.3% of that of a conventional branch-line coupler. The design is validated by full-wave electromagnetic simulation and measurement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1135–1137, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23320