Measuring the effect of conflict on software engineering teams

This article describes a project that aimed to uncover the effects of different forms of conflict on team performance during the important feasibility, requirements analysis, and design phases of software engineering (SE) projects. The research subjects were master of science students who were working to produce software commissioned by real-world clients. A template was developed that allowed researchers to record details of any conflicts that occurred. It was found that some forms of conflict were more damaging than others and that the frequency and intensity of specific conflicts are important factors to consider. The experience of the researchers when using the final template suggests that it is a valuable weapon to have in one’s arsenal if one is interested in observing and recording the details of conflict in either SE teams or teams in different contexts.

[1]  M. Deutsch A Theory of Co-operation and Competition , 1949 .

[2]  Joyce J. Elam,et al.  Inside a software design team: knowledge acquisition, sharing, and integration , 1993, CACM.

[3]  Bill Curtis Which Comes First, the Organization or Its Processes? , 1998, IEEE Softw..

[4]  G. Northcraft,et al.  You have printed the following article : Why Differences Make a Difference : A Field Study of Diversity , Conflict , and Performance in Workgroups , 2007 .

[5]  Bill Curtis Techies as nontechnological factors in software engineering? , 1991, [1991 Proceedings] 13th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[6]  L. H. Pelled Demographic Diversity, Conflict, and Work Group Outcomes: An Intervening Process Theory , 1996 .

[7]  Jean Scholtz,et al.  A Focus on the Human Side of Software Engineering , 2004, Empirical Software Engineering.

[8]  K. Jehn A Multimethod Examination of the Benefits and Detriments of Intragroup Conflict , 1995 .

[9]  D. Walz,et al.  A study of conflict in group design activities: implications for computer-supported cooperative work environments , 1988, [1988] Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume III: Decision Support and Knowledge Based Systems Track.

[10]  D. Schweiger,et al.  The utilization of individual capabilities in group approaches to strategic decision‐making , 1989 .

[11]  Kenneth S. Law,et al.  Constructive conflict in China: Cooperative conflict as a bridge between east and west , 2001 .

[12]  Annelies E. M. Van Vianen,et al.  Managing relationship conflict and the effectiveness of organizational teams , 2001 .

[13]  Robin L. Pinkley,et al.  Dimensions of conflict frame: Disputant interpretations of conflict. , 1990 .

[14]  R. Peterson,et al.  Task Conflict snd Relationship Conflict in Top Management Teams:The Pivotal Role of Intragroup Trust. , 1998 .

[15]  D. Tjosvold Conflict within interdependence: Its value for productivity and individuality. , 1997 .

[16]  van de Evert Vliert,et al.  Using Conflict in Organizations , 1997 .

[17]  Ellen Giebels,et al.  CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT AT WORK. , 1997 .

[18]  David H. Gobeli,et al.  Managing conflict in software development teams: a multilevel analysis , 1998 .

[19]  Adam D. Galinsky,et al.  Creating and reducing intergroup conflict: The role of perspective-taking in affecting out-group evaluations , 2002 .

[20]  K. W. Carsten,et al.  Productive conflict: The importance of conflict management and conflict issue. , 1997 .

[21]  Steve Sawyer,et al.  Effects of intra‐group conflict on packaged software development team performance , 2001, Inf. Syst. J..

[22]  Randall S. Peterson,et al.  A Multi-faceted Approach to Process Conflict , 2002 .

[23]  W DreudeC.K.,et al.  Conflict at work and individual well-being , 2004 .

[24]  Bill Curtis,et al.  A field study of the software design process for large systems , 1988, CACM.

[25]  K. Jehn A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in , 1997 .

[26]  Conflict stress and reduced well-being at work: The buffering effect of third-party help , 2005 .

[27]  S. Robbins Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, Applications , 1979 .

[28]  Allen C. Amason,et al.  RESOLVING THE PARADOX OF CONFLICT, STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE , 1994 .

[29]  C. D. De Dreu,et al.  Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: a meta-analysis. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[30]  K. Jehn Affective and cognitive conflict in work groups: Increasing performance through value-based intragroup conflict. , 1997 .

[31]  Kevin Crowston,et al.  Coordination and Collective Mind in Software Requirements Development , 1998, IBM Syst. J..

[32]  Karen A. Jehn,et al.  Interpersonal relationships and task performance: An examination of mediation processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. , 1997 .

[33]  Dean Tjosvold,et al.  Rights and responsibilities of dissent: Cooperative conflict , 1991 .

[34]  M. Deutsch An Experimental Study of the Effects of Co-Operation and Competition upon Group Process , 1949 .

[35]  S. G. Cohen,et al.  What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite , 1997 .

[36]  Rodolfo Alfredo Bertone,et al.  Software engineering: Theory and practice, 2nd Edition. Shari Lawrence Pfleeger. Prentice Hall, 2001 , 2005 .

[37]  C. Dreu,et al.  OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE BY CONFLICT STIMULATION , 1994 .

[38]  Roger S. Pressman,et al.  Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach , 1982 .

[39]  David W. Johnson,et al.  Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning. , 1978 .

[40]  Allen C. Amason Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams , 1996 .

[41]  Karen A. Jehn,et al.  The impact of intragroup conflict on effectiveness: A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of conflict. , 1992 .

[42]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Exploring the Black Box: An Analysis of Work Group Diversity, Conflict and Performance , 1999 .

[43]  K. D. Benne,et al.  Functional Roles of Group Members , 2010 .

[44]  M. Deutsch The Resolution of ConflictConstructive and Destructive Processes , 1974 .

[45]  Allen C. Amason,et al.  The Effects of Top Management Team Size and interaction Norms on Cognitive and Affective Conflict , 1997 .

[46]  John R. Darling,et al.  Effective conflict management: use of the behavioral style model , 2001 .

[47]  Ian Sommerville,et al.  Capturing the Benefits of Requirements Engineering , 1999, IEEE Softw..

[48]  Jennifer A. Chatman,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF PROPORTIONAL AND PERCEPTUAL CONFLICT COMPOSITION ON TEAM PERFORMANCE , 2000 .

[49]  Jørn K. Rognes Are Cooperative Goals Necessary for Constructive Conflict Processes , 1998 .

[50]  Roger S. Pressman,et al.  Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach (McGraw-Hill Series in Computer Science) , 2004 .

[51]  Kim,et al.  Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement , 1986 .

[52]  Karl E. Wiegers Read My Lips: No New Models! , 1998, IEEE Softw..