Nuevas soluciones de diálisis peritoneal y sus combinaciones

SUMMARY Peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment has been related to functional and structural changes in peritoneum. The biocompatibility of the PD fluids is one of the most important factors related to this complication. New solutions for PD have been developed in an effort to reduce the bioincompatibility of conventional glucosecontaining, lactate-buffered solutions, and thereby to improve the clinical outcomes of PD. The use of new manufacturing techniques, buffer presentation, and new osmotic alternatives to glucose (aminoacids, icodextrin) have allowed potentially improved peritoneal survival (in terms of structure and function) and improved subjective patient experience. Additional benefits have also included enhanced management of salt and water removal, supported nutritional status and improvement in the systemic metabolid derangements associated with conventional PD treatment, based on glucose-containing lactate-buffered solutions. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown the biocompatibility of these new solutions to be superior to that of standard solutions. This review summarized the characteristics of the next generation of PD fluids currently available and analyzed the potential benefits related to the combination of the different elements. RESUMEN El tratamiento con dialisis peritoneal (DP) a largo plazo se ha relacionado con la aparicion de alteraciones estructurales y funcionales en la membrana peritoneal. La bioicompatibilidad de las soluciones utilizadas es uno de los principales factores relacionados con estos cambios. En la ultima decada se han desarrollado nuevas soluciones de DP para intentar reducir esta bioincompatibilidad, relacionada fundamentalmente con la utilizacion de glucosa como agente osmotico, el empleo de lactato como tampon y el pH adido; e intentar mejorar los resultados clinicos en los pacientes en DP. El uso de agentes osmoticos alternativos, como la icodextrina y los aminoacidos; y la utilizacion de los sistemas de doble bolsa que ha permitido obtener soluciones bajas en productos de degradacion de la glucosa y emplear DP sobre la membrana peritoneal tanto a nivel estructural como funcionalmente. Otros beneficios relacionados con el uso de las nuevas soluciones son la mayor eliminacion de sodio y agua, la mejoria del estado nutricional y la disminucion de las alteraciones metabolicas relacionadas con el uso de glucosa como agente osmotico. Diversos estudios in vitro e in vivo han demostrado una mayor biocompatibilidad de las nuevas soluciones en comparacion con las soluciones convencionales. Esta revision describe las caracteristicas de las nuevas soluciones de DP. los efectos beneficiosos relacionados con su uso en pacientes y las potenciales ventajas de su utilizacion de forma combinada.

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