Reference values for high attenuation areas on chest CT in a healthy, never‐smoker, multi‐ethnic sample: The MESA study

Normative values for HAA—a quantitative, CT‐based measure of subclinical ILD—in healthy adults are needed to improve interpretability in clinical and research settings.

[1]  R. Sussman,et al.  A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  J. Elefteriades,et al.  The Mystery of the Z-Score , 2016, AORTA.

[3]  S. Stanojevic,et al.  Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3–95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations , 2012, European Respiratory Journal.

[4]  J. Austin,et al.  Rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantibodies and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis , 2016, Thorax.

[5]  Takeshi Johkoh,et al.  American Thoracic Society Documents An Official ATS / ERS / JRS / ALAT Statement : Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis : Evidence-based Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management , 2011 .

[6]  Katherine P Andriole,et al.  Lung volumes and emphysema in smokers with interstitial lung abnormalities. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  Shih-Yin Chen,et al.  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001-11. , 2014, The Lancet. Respiratory medicine.

[8]  H. Collard,et al.  Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  A. Edey,et al.  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current and future directions. , 2017, Clinical radiology.

[10]  F. Martinez,et al.  Interstitial lung disease: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases. , 2014, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[11]  R. Kronmal,et al.  Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design. , 2002, American journal of epidemiology.

[12]  E. Hoffman,et al.  High‐Attenuation Areas on Chest Computed Tomography and Clinical Respiratory Outcomes in Community‐Dwelling Adults , 2017, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[13]  J. Morris,et al.  Spirometric standards for healthy nonsmoking adults. , 2015, The American review of respiratory disease.

[14]  J. Hankinson,et al.  Standardisation of spirometry , 2005, European Respiratory Journal.

[15]  C.J.H. Mann,et al.  Clinical Prediction Models: A Practical Approach to Development, Validation and Updating , 2009 .

[16]  S. Redline,et al.  Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) , 2017, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[17]  J L Hankinson,et al.  Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[18]  J. Austin,et al.  High attenuation areas on chest computed tomography in community-dwelling adults: the MESA study , 2016, European Respiratory Journal.

[19]  G. Raghu,et al.  Telomere shortening in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis. , 2008, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[20]  Edwin J R van Beek,et al.  Cigarette smoking is associated with subclinical parenchymal lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)-lung study. , 2009, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[21]  A. Azuma,et al.  A Phase 3 Trial of Pirfenidone in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis , 2015 .

[22]  S. Harari,et al.  Severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what can be done? , 2017, European Respiratory Review.

[23]  J. Hankinson,et al.  Performance of American Thoracic Society-recommended spirometry reference values in a multiethnic sample of adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) lung study. , 2010, Chest.

[24]  Raúl San José Estépar,et al.  Identification of early interstitial lung disease in smokers from the COPDGene Study. , 2010, Academic radiology.

[25]  Eric A Hoffman,et al.  Variation in the percent of emphysema-like lung in a healthy, nonsmoking multiethnic sample. The MESA lung study. , 2014, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[26]  Yvonne Vergouwe,et al.  Towards better clinical prediction models: seven steps for development and an ABCD for validation. , 2014, European heart journal.

[27]  S. Colan.  The why and how of Z scores. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.