A Non-Invasive Procedure for Estimating the Exponential Model Parameters of Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules

Bypass diodes (BDs) present in photovoltaic (PV) modules are represented by the exponential model, which requires two parameters: the inverse-saturation current ( I s a t , d b ) and the ideality factor ( η d b ). However, it is difficult to estimate those parameters since the terminals of the BDs are not isolated, hence there is only access to the series connection of the module BDs. This problem must be addressed since inaccurate BDs parameters could produce errors in the reproduction of the current-voltage (I-V) curves of commercial PV modules, which lead to wrong predictions of the power production. This paper proposes a non-invasive procedure to estimate I s a t , d b and η d b of the bypass diodes present in a PV module using two experimental I-V curves. One I-V curve is measured completely covering the submodule of the module whose BD will be parameterized; while the other I-V curve is measured without any shadow on the module. From those curves, the I-V curve of the BD is estimated and I s a t , d b and η d b are calculated by solving a system of two nonlinear equations. The proposed procedure is validated through simulations and experimental results considering a commercial PV module formed by three submodules, where the estimation errors in the reproduction of the BD I-V curve are less than 1% in the simulations and less than 10% in the experiments.

[1]  R. Ocaya A current-voltage-temperature method for fast extraction of schottky diode static parameters , 2014 .

[2]  Gi Hwan Kang,et al.  Origin of Bypass Diode Fault in c-Si Photovoltaic Modules: Leakage Current under High Surrounding Temperature , 2018, Energies.

[3]  Narendra Shiradkar,et al.  Predicting service life of bypass diodes in photovoltaic modules , 2015, 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC).

[4]  Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja,et al.  General modeling procedure for photovoltaic arrays , 2018 .

[5]  Louis Nashelsky,et al.  Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory , 1972 .

[6]  G. Petrone,et al.  A model of photovoltaic fields in mismatching conditions featuring an improved calculation speed , 2013 .

[7]  Gianpaolo Vitale,et al.  Photovoltaic Source Models , 2013 .

[8]  Jan Stake,et al.  Analytical Extraction of a Schottky Diode Model From Broadband $S$ -Parameters , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[9]  Qishuang Ma,et al.  Photovoltaic Cell Parameter Estimation Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing , 2017 .

[10]  Saad Mekhilef,et al.  Solar cell parameters extraction based on single and double-diode models: A review , 2016 .

[11]  Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja,et al.  PV Simulation under Homogeneous Conditions , 2016 .

[12]  Jiadong Qian,et al.  Impact of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Module Design on Hot-Spot Temperature , 2018, ACS Applied Energy Materials.

[13]  M. Cengiz,et al.  Price-Efficiency Relationship for Photovoltaic Systems on a Global Basis , 2015 .

[14]  G. Petrone,et al.  Symbolic algebra for the calculation of the series and parallel resistances in PV module model , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP).

[15]  Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja,et al.  A technique for mismatched PV array simulation , 2013 .

[16]  R. Messenger,et al.  Photovoltaic Systems Engineering , 2018 .

[17]  Jiang Fan,et al.  Characteristics of Different Solar PV Modules under Partial Shading , 2014 .

[18]  Dana Sherman,et al.  Doctor of philosophy , 2018, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[19]  Guangyu Liu,et al.  A general modeling method for I–V characteristics of geometrically and electrically configured photovoltaic arrays , 2011 .

[20]  M. A. Alam,et al.  A shade tolerant panel design for thin film photovoltaics , 2012, 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference.

[21]  Jiangang Yao,et al.  A Novel Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic (PV) Models , 2018 .

[22]  M. Vitelli,et al.  Power Electronics and Control Techniques for Maximum Energy Harvesting in Photovoltaic Systems , 2012 .

[23]  Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja,et al.  Photovoltaic Sources Modeling , 2017 .

[24]  M. Yıldırım,et al.  Diode-to-diode variation in dielectric parameters of identically prepared metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor structures , 2017 .

[25]  Neelkanth G. Dhere,et al.  Effect of shading on the switching of bypass diodes in PV modules , 2014, Optics & Photonics - Solar Energy + Applications.

[26]  C. Ramos-Paja,et al.  Modeling of photovoltaic fields in mismatched conditions for energy yield evaluations , 2011 .

[27]  Young-Seok Jung,et al.  Electric and thermal characteristics of photovoltaic modules under partial shading and with a damaged bypass diode , 2017 .

[28]  Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja,et al.  A Procedure for Modeling Photovoltaic Arrays under Any Configuration and Shading Conditions , 2018 .

[29]  Violeta Holmes,et al.  Detecting Defective Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules using Mamdani Fuzzy Logic System , 2017 .

[30]  F. Touati,et al.  A simple method for extracting the parameters of the PV cell single-diode model , 2017 .

[31]  Nicola Pearsall,et al.  The Performance of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems : Modelling, Measurement and Assessment , 2017 .

[32]  Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja,et al.  A genetic algorithm for identifying the single diode model parameters of a photovoltaic panel , 2017, Math. Comput. Simul..

[33]  M. Guziewicz,et al.  Schottky diode parameters extraction using Lambert W function , 2009 .

[34]  V. H. Mok,et al.  Impact of Partial Shading on the P-V Characteristics and the Maximum Power of a Photovoltaic String , 2018, Energies.