Surface/subsurface damage and the fracture strength of ground ceramics

Abstract This paper examines published works related to surface/subsurface damage and the fracture strength of ground structural ceramics over the last 20 years. Consistent as well as conflicting experimental observations concerning grinding-induced microcracks, residual stresses and the degradation of flexure strength are summarized. Special attention is paid to the quantified relationships between the grinding variables, machining damage and the flexure strength of ground ceramics because of the importance of these relationships for optimizing the ceramics grinding processes. Several issues such as non-uniformity of the grinding interface, crack measurement, thermal effects and microstructural features are discussed and highlighted as future research areas for better modeling and simulation of ceramics grinding operations.

[1]  Mel M. Schwartz,et al.  Handbook of Structural Ceramics , 1991 .

[2]  A. Evans,et al.  Elastic/Plastic Indentation Damage in Ceramics: The Median/Radial Crack System , 1980 .

[3]  K. Ando,et al.  Effect of grinding on cracks and the strength of ceramics , 1994 .

[4]  E. Macherauch,et al.  Determination of residual stresses in ceramics and ceramic-metal composites by X-ray diffraction methods , 1989 .

[5]  R. W. Rice,et al.  The effect of grinding direction on flaw character and strength of single crystal and polycrystalline ceramics , 1981 .

[6]  A. Krell,et al.  Response of polycrystalline Al2O3 to diamond grinding , 1984 .

[7]  Investigation of the influence of machining on the fracture of engineering ceramics , 1994 .

[8]  E. Sommer,et al.  Strength Properties of Surface-Machined Components of Structural Ceramics , 1995 .

[9]  I. Inasaki.  Speed-Stroke Grinding of Advanced Ceramics , 1988 .

[10]  Srinivasan Chandrasekar,et al.  Effect of residual stresses on the fracture of ground ceramics , 1988 .

[11]  Roy W. Rice,et al.  Limitation and Challenges in Applying Fracture Mechanics to Ceramics , 1983 .

[12]  A. Evans,et al.  Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics , 1986 .

[13]  George D. Quinn,et al.  Advanced Structural Ceramics: A Round Robin , 1990 .

[14]  R. Allor,et al.  Effect of Grinding Variables on Strength of Hot Pressed Silicon Nitride , 1983 .

[15]  B. Lawn,et al.  Hardness, Toughness, and Brittleness: An Indentation Analysis , 1979 .

[16]  Grinding of transformation toughening ceria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals , 1994 .

[17]  T. Ueda,et al.  Measurement of Grinding Temperature of Ceramics Using Infrared Radiation Pyrometer with Optical Fiber , 1992 .

[18]  Ekkard Brinksmeier,et al.  Evaluation of surface layers of machined ceramics , 1989 .

[19]  R. Scattergood,et al.  Ductile-Regime Grinding: A New Technology for Machining Brittle Materials , 1991 .

[20]  Sw Freiman,et al.  Determination of Fracture Mechanics Parameters Through Fractographic Analysis of Ceramics , 1979 .

[21]  Masanori Yoshikawa,et al.  Study on surface cracking of alumina scratched by single-point diamonds , 1988 .

[22]  G. Kino,et al.  The nature of machining damage in brittle materials , 1983, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[23]  M. Hakulinen.  Residual strength of ground hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride , 1985 .

[24]  Grinding of ceramics: The effect on their strength properties , 1994 .

[25]  E. Brinksmeier.  State-of-the-art of non-destructive measurement of sub-surface material properties and damages , 1989 .

[26]  W. König,et al.  Optimizing grinding of SiSiC , 1989 .

[27]  Keisuke Tanaka,et al.  Residual Stresses and Flaws of Ground Silicon Nitride. , 1991 .

[28]  David J. Green,et al.  Determination of Residual Surface Stresses Caused by Grinding in Polycrystalline Al2O3 , 1983 .

[29]  van den Phj Paul Berg.  Strength and residual stress of Mg-PSZ after grinding , 1993 .

[30]  G. Glinka,et al.  Calculation of stress intensity factors by efficient integration of weight functions , 1992 .

[31]  Yoshiyuki Uno,et al.  Cutting mechanism of fine ceramics with a single point diamond , 1989 .

[32]  R. Rice.  Porosity Effects on Machining Direction—Strength Anisotropy and Failure Mechanisms , 1994 .

[33]  M. W. Hawman,et al.  The effect of grinding on the flexural strength of a sialon ceramic , 1985 .

[34]  Tetsuya Suto,et al.  High quality machining of ceramics , 1993 .

[35]  T. Ogasawara,et al.  The Effects of Annealing on Surface Machining Damage of Alumina Ceramics , 1991 .

[36]  Henry P. Kirchner,et al.  Damage Penetration at Elongated Machining Grooves in Hot‐Pressed Si3N4 , 1984 .

[37]  R W Rice,et al.  The Nature of Strength Controlling Machining Flaws in Ceramics. , 1979 .

[38]  I. Inasaki.  Grinding of hard and brittle materials , 1987 .

[39]  M. R. James,et al.  Factors Influencing Residual Surface Stresses due to a Stress‐Induced Phase Bansformation , 1983 .

[40]  Thomas Farris,et al.  Ceramic Grinding Temperatures , 1992 .