Ultrastable Surface‐Dominated Pseudocapacitive Potassium Storage Enabled by Edge‐Enriched N‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets

Abstract The development of ultrastable carbon materials for potassium storage poses key limitations caused by the huge volume variation and sluggish kinetics. Nitrogen‐enriched porous carbons have recently emerged as promising candidates for this application; however, rational control over nitrogen doping is needed to further suppress the long‐term capacity fading. Here we propose a strategy based on pyrolysis–etching of a pyridine‐coordinated polymer for deliberate manipulation of edge‐nitrogen doping and specific spatial distribution in amorphous high‐surface‐area carbons; the obtained material shows an edge‐nitrogen content of up to 9.34 at %, richer N distribution inside the material, and high surface area of 616 m2 g−1 under a cost‐effective low‐temperature carbonization. The optimized carbon delivers unprecedented K‐storage stability over 6000 cycles with negligible capacity decay (252 mA h g−1 after 4 months at 1 A g−1), rarely reported for potassium storage.

[1]  Wenli Zhang,et al.  A Site‐Selective Doping Strategy of Carbon Anodes with Remarkable K‐Ion Storage Capacity , 2020, Angewandte Chemie.

[2]  Wenli Zhang,et al.  Site-Selective Doping Strategy of Carbon Anodes with Remarkable K-Ion Storage Capacity. , 2020, Angewandte Chemie.

[3]  N. Zheng,et al.  Stable Nano‐Encapsulation of Lithium Through Seed‐Free Selective Deposition for High‐Performance Li Battery Anodes , 2020, Advanced Energy Materials.

[4]  Yitai Qian,et al.  Water-Induced Growth of High-Oriented Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nanospring for Fast K-ion Adsorption/Intercalation Storage. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[5]  Dalin Sun,et al.  Fast and stable potassium-ion storage achieved by in situ molecular self-assembling N/O dual-doped carbon network , 2019 .

[6]  L. Ci,et al.  Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from pre-oxidized pitch for surface dominated potassium-ion storage , 2019 .

[7]  Chun‐Sing Lee,et al.  Ultrahigh Nitrogen Doping of Carbon Nanosheets for High Capacity and Long Cycling Potassium Ion Storage , 2019, Advanced Energy Materials.

[8]  Xiaobo Ji,et al.  Carbon quantum dot micelles tailored hollow carbon anode for fast potassium and sodium storage , 2019, Nano Energy.

[9]  Yitai Qian,et al.  Water‐Induced Growth of a Highly Oriented Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nanospring for Fast Potassium‐Ion Adsorption/Intercalation Storage , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[10]  Qianwang Chen,et al.  Oxygen/Fluorine Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanopolyhedra Enabled Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium Storage , 2019, Advanced Functional Materials.

[11]  F. Huo,et al.  Multiple Active Sites of Carbon for High Rate Surface Capacitive Sodium Ion Storage. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[12]  Dalin Sun,et al.  Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres towards the application of potassium ion storage , 2019, Journal of Materials Chemistry A.

[13]  F. Huo,et al.  Multiple Active Sites of Carbon for High‐Rate Surface‐Capacitive Sodium‐Ion Storage , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[14]  Liang He,et al.  A Large Scalable and Low‐Cost Sulfur/Nitrogen Dual‐Doped Hard Carbon as the Negative Electrode Material for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries , 2019, Advanced Energy Materials.

[15]  Wenli Zhang,et al.  Graphitic Nanocarbon with Engineered Defects for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes , 2019, Advanced Functional Materials.

[16]  Daping Qiu,et al.  Kinetics Enhanced Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Hollow Carbon Spheres Boosting Advanced Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors , 2019, Advanced Functional Materials.

[17]  W. Hu,et al.  Sulfur‐Grafted Hollow Carbon Spheres for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes , 2019, Advanced materials.

[18]  Qiang Sun,et al.  Freestanding film made by necklace-like N-doped hollow carbon with hierarchical pores for high-performance potassium-ion storage , 2019, Energy & Environmental Science.

[19]  Qianwang Chen,et al.  Nitrogen/oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbon octahedrons for high-performance potassium-ion batteries , 2019, Journal of Materials Chemistry A.

[20]  Yajie Liu,et al.  Approaching high-performance potassium-ion batteries via advanced design strategies and engineering , 2019, Science Advances.

[21]  Zheng Xing,et al.  Advanced Carbon‐Based Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries , 2019, Advanced Energy Materials.

[22]  Yaxiang Lu,et al.  Slope-Dominated Carbon Anode with High Specific Capacity and Superior Rate Capability for High Safety Na-Ion Batteries. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[23]  Xingbin Yan,et al.  Disordered, Large Interlayer Spacing, and Oxygen‐Rich Carbon Nanosheets for Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor , 2019, Advanced Energy Materials.

[24]  Jiaqiang Huang,et al.  Correlation between the microstructure of carbon materials and their potassium ion storage performance , 2019, Carbon.

[25]  Yaxiang Lu,et al.  Slope‐Dominated Carbon Anode with High Specific Capacity and Superior Rate Capability for High Safety Na‐Ion Batteries , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  Song Gao,et al.  Ultrafast Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Intercalation into Hierarchically Porous Thin Carbon Shells , 2018, Advanced materials.

[27]  Yang Liu,et al.  Facile Fabrication of Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon as Superior Anode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries , 2018, Advanced Energy Materials.

[28]  Chenghao Yang,et al.  High pyridine N-doped porous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks for boosting potassium-ion storage , 2018 .

[29]  Chenghao Yang,et al.  Nitrogen-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes as anode material for high performance potassium ion batteries , 2018 .

[30]  Ang Li,et al.  Graphitic Carbon Nanocage as a Stable and High Power Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries , 2018, Advanced Energy Materials.

[31]  Wei Wang,et al.  Metallic Graphene‐Like VSe2 Ultrathin Nanosheets: Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage and Their Working Mechanism , 2018, Advanced materials.

[32]  Wei Wang,et al.  Sulfur/Oxygen Codoped Porous Hard Carbon Microspheres for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries , 2018 .

[33]  Chenglin Yan,et al.  Understanding of the Ultrastable K‐Ion Storage of Carbonaceous Anode , 2018 .

[34]  M. Yousaf,et al.  Hyperporous Sponge Interconnected by Hierarchical Carbon Nanotubes as a High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode , 2018, Advanced materials.

[35]  S. Passerini,et al.  Non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries: a review , 2018, Current Opinion in Electrochemistry.

[36]  Yang Xu,et al.  Highly nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers with superior rate capability and cyclability for potassium ion batteries , 2018, Nature Communications.

[37]  Jun Chen,et al.  A Porous Network of Bismuth Used as the Anode Material for High-Energy-Density Potassium-Ion Batteries. , 2018, Angewandte Chemie.

[38]  Gerbrand Ceder,et al.  Recent Progress and Perspective in Electrode Materials for K‐Ion Batteries , 2018 .

[39]  Jinkui Feng,et al.  Commercial expanded graphite as a low-cost, long-cycling life anode for potassium-ion batteries with conventional carbonate electrolyte , 2018 .

[40]  B. Wei,et al.  Design and preparation of porous carbons from conjugated polymer precursors , 2017 .

[41]  Xiaodong Zhuang,et al.  Toward a molecular design of porous carbon materials , 2017 .

[42]  N. Sharma,et al.  An Initial Review of the Status of Electrode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries , 2017 .

[43]  S. Dou,et al.  Activated carbon from the graphite with increased rate capability for the potassium ion battery , 2017 .

[44]  Jinghua Wu,et al.  Hierarchical VS2 Nanosheet Assemblies: A Universal Host Material for the Reversible Storage of Alkali Metal Ions , 2017, Advanced materials.

[45]  Md. Mokhlesur Rahman,et al.  Nanocrystalline SnS2 coated onto reduced graphene oxide: demonstrating the feasibility of a non-graphitic anode with sulfide chemistry for potassium-ion batteries. , 2017, Chemical communications.

[46]  Na Xu,et al.  Ultra‐High Pyridinic N‐Doped Porous Carbon Monolith Enabling High‐Capacity K‐Ion Battery Anodes for Both Half‐Cell and Full‐Cell Applications , 2017, Advanced materials.

[47]  Jianjun Jiang,et al.  Nitrogen-rich hard carbon as a highly durable anode for high-power potassium-ion batteries , 2017 .

[48]  Arvind Varma,et al.  Binder-Free N- and O-Rich Carbon Nanofiber Anodes for Long Cycle Life K-Ion Batteries. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[49]  Chunsheng Wang,et al.  Electrochemical Intercalation of Potassium into Graphite , 2016 .

[50]  Keith Share,et al.  Role of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Improved High-Capacity Potassium Ion Battery Anodes. , 2016, ACS nano.

[51]  L. Giebeler,et al.  The Importance of Pore Size and Surface Polarity for Polysulfide Adsorption in Lithium Sulfur Batteries , 2016 .

[52]  Zhengxiao Guo,et al.  Understanding the Hydrophilicity and Water Adsorption Behavior of Nanoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbons , 2016 .

[53]  Shinichi Komaba,et al.  Potassium intercalation into graphite to realize high-voltage/high-power potassium-ion batteries and potassium-ion capacitors , 2015 .

[54]  W. Luo,et al.  Potassium Ion Batteries with Graphitic Materials. , 2015, Nano letters.

[55]  Xiulei Ji,et al.  Carbon Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[56]  S. Kaskel,et al.  Unusual ultra-hydrophilic, porous carbon cuboids for atmospheric-water capture. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[57]  S. Kaskel,et al.  Ultrahydrophile poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit quaderförmiger Morphologie und hoher Wasseraufnahmekapazität , 2015 .

[58]  B. Dunn,et al.  Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices , 2011, Science.

[59]  Zheng Xing,et al.  Enhanced Capacity and Rate Capability of Nitrogen/Oxygen Dual‐Doped Hard Carbon in Capacitive Potassium‐Ion Storage , 2018, Advanced materials.

[60]  J. Dahn,et al.  Mechanism of lithium insertion in hard carbons prepared by pyrolysis of epoxy resins , 1996 .