Bioreporters and Biosensors for Environmental Analysis

The study of microbial ecology is necessary for a full understanding of the natural world. Microorganisms affect every aspect of life, from global nutrient cycling to organismal physiology to specific commensal relationships that fill diverse niches. The investigation of microbial ecology is made more difficult by the extremely small size of the organisms, as well as by the multiplicity of species that characterize a microbial community. In fact, most of the microorganisms have not yet been described, so that any examination of a natural community will, of necessity, involve only a minority of species. Yet even these limited investigations can yield important information. It is thus useful to be able to examine individual species as they establish in a community, and as they interact with other members of that community. To accomplish this task, both bioreporters and biosensors have been developed. These tools have already increased our knowledge of normal physiological processes, and will undoubtedly contribute much more in the future.

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