Depositional Behavior of Kaolinite in Turbulent Flow

An experimental investigation, utilizing an apparatus consisting of an annular-rotating channel and a counterrotating ring, of the depositional characteristics of a fine, cohesive sediment revealed that after an initial period of rapid deposition, the sediment concentration approaches asymptotically an equilibrium value. The ratio of this equilibrium concentration to the initial concentration is nearly independent of initial concentration, and for given sediment properties and water chemistry depends only on the flow conditions. For the three water depths investigated, the ratio of equilibrium to initial concentration was found to be a single function of an average shear stress around the channel-section perimeter. A comparison of the size distributions of the parent material with the material retained in suspension when equilibrium was achieved indicated that greatest deposition occurs among the clay-size fractions, suggesting that the deposition is controlled predominantly by flocculation, and that the strength and size of the flocs exert a stronger influence on the deposition than does the initial particle weight. A silty-clay sediment with a mean particle diameter of 0.0009 mm was used in all experiments.