Spatial/Temporal Characterization of the GNSS Multipath Fading Channels

It is of interest to detect and acquire Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in indoors and dense attenuated multipath environments. To overcome the signal attenuation and fading long coherent integration time is required. However, the mobile user typically performs some motion while using the portable receiver. Arbitrarily motion of the antenna while collecting GNSS signals is generally avoided since it temporally decorrelates the GNSS signal and limits the coherent integration gain. However, this decorrelation also provides diversity gain in a dense multipath environment, which can be utilized by the receiver to enhance signal detection performance. The coherent integration degradation and applicability of implementation of the diversity system depends on the wireless channel characteristics. In this paper the correlation coefficient measurements of multipath fading GNSS channels are considered which characterizes the GNSS receiver performance. The correlation coefficient measurements are provided for both static and moving antenna in different multipath fading channels.