An IRS-facilitated collective issue-quest approach to enhancing students' learning achievement, self-regulation and collective efficacy in flipped classrooms

Flipped classrooms have been recognized as a potential approach that enables students to have flexible time to learn before the class as well as more opportunities to apply knowledge and to interact with peers and the teacher in the class. On the other hand, researchers have pointed out the challenge of engaging students in self‐regulated learning and active participation in flipped classrooms. In this study, an Instant Response System (IRS)‐facilitated collective issue‐quest strategy is proposed for engaging students in active and self‐regulated flipped learning. Moreover, a quasi‐experimental design was conducted with undergraduate students in an internet marketing course in northern Taiwan to investigate the impacts of the proposed approach on the students' learning achievement, self‐regulation, learning satisfaction and collective efficacy. The experimental results revealed that the learning achievement, collective efficacy and satisfaction of the students who learned with the proposed approach were significantly better than those of the students learning with the conventional flipped classroom approach. Moreover, in the "environment," "task strategies" and "help seeking" dimensions of self‐regulation, the former had significantly higher ratings than the latter. This study contributes analysis results that highlight the benefits of implementing the IRS‐facilitated collective issue‐quest approach in the flipped classroom. The results of this research may provide a valuable reference for future studies and practice in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[1]  Stephen M. Garcia,et al.  The Psychology of Competition , 2013, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[2]  Shannon Flumerfelt,et al.  Using Lean in the Flipped Classroom for At Risk Students , 2013, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[3]  Shu-Sheng Liaw,et al.  Perceived satisfaction, perceived usefulness and interactive learning environments as predictors to self-regulation in e-learning environments , 2013, Comput. Educ..

[4]  Gwo-Jen Hwang,et al.  A self-regulated flipped classroom approach to improving students' learning performance in a mathematics course , 2016, Comput. Educ..

[5]  L. Abeysekera,et al.  Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research , 2015 .

[6]  Jerry Chih-Yuan Sun,et al.  The effect of the flipped classroom approach to OpenCourseWare instruction on students' self-regulation , 2017, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[7]  A. Bandura,et al.  The anatomy of stages of change. , 1997, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[8]  Michael M. Grant,et al.  Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones & social media , 2013, Internet High. Educ..

[9]  C. Mortensen,et al.  The flipped classroom stimulates greater learning and is a modern 21st century approach to teaching today's undergraduates. , 2015, Journal of animal science.

[10]  Kevin C. Almeroth,et al.  Clickers in college classrooms: Fostering learning with questioning methods in large lecture classes , 2009 .

[11]  Abdulrahman M. Al-Zahrani,et al.  From passive to active: The impact of the flipped classroom through social learning platforms on higher education students' creative thinking , 2015, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[12]  Min Kyu Kim,et al.  The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: an exploration of design principles , 2014, Internet High. Educ..

[13]  Gabriela C. Weaver,et al.  Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Flipped Format General Chemistry Course , 2015 .

[14]  Nikol Rummel,et al.  Are two heads always better than one? Differential effects of collaboration on students’ computer-supported learning in mathematics , 2011, Int. J. Comput. Support. Collab. Learn..

[15]  Siu Cheung Kong,et al.  Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: An experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy , 2014, Comput. Educ..

[16]  Gwo-Jen Hwang,et al.  The role of collective efficacy, cognitive quality, and task cohesion in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) , 2012, Comput. Educ..

[17]  Hsiu-Ting Hung,et al.  Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active learning , 2015 .

[18]  Gwo-Jen Hwang,et al.  Trends in mobile technology-supported collaborative learning: A systematic review of journal publications from 2007 to 2016 , 2018, Comput. Educ..

[19]  David W. Johnson,et al.  An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning , 2009 .

[20]  Angel Hoekstra,et al.  Because You Don’t Realize How Many People Have Different Experiences Than You , 2015 .

[21]  Susanne Narciss,et al.  Promoting self-regulated learning in web-based learning environments , 2007, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[22]  Ya-Ling Wu,et al.  An investigation of coopetitive pedagogic design for knowledge creation in Web-based learning , 2009, Comput. Educ..

[23]  Sanna Järvelä,et al.  Enhancing socially shared regulation in collaborative learning groups: designing for CSCL regulation tools , 2014, Educational Technology Research and Development.

[24]  Jacqueline E. McLaughlin,et al.  Student experiences across multiple flipped courses in a single curriculum , 2015, Medical education.

[25]  Embry-Riddle Aeronautical,et al.  The Flipped Classroom: A Survey of the Research , 2013 .

[26]  N. Chen,et al.  Students’ perspectives of using cooperative learning in a flipped statistics classroom , 2015 .

[27]  R. Slavin Research on cooperative learning and achievement: What we know, what we need to know. , 1996 .

[28]  Walcir Cardoso,et al.  Learning a foreign language with a learner response system: the students' perspective , 2011 .

[29]  Shannon Sung,et al.  Examining the Effectiveness of a Semi-Self-Paced Flipped Learning Format in a College General Chemistry Sequence , 2016 .

[30]  Kathleen E. Cook,et al.  Comparing the Effectiveness of an Inverted Classroom to a Traditional Classroom in an Upper-Division Engineering Course , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Education.

[31]  Gwo‐Jen Hwang,et al.  Seamless flipped learning: a mobile technology-enhanced flipped classroom with effective learning strategies , 2015 .

[32]  Gwo-Jen Hwang,et al.  A two-tier test approach to developing location-aware mobile learning systems for natural science courses , 2010, Comput. Educ..

[33]  Erika D Peterson,et al.  Collective Efficacy and Aspects of Shared Mental Models as Predictors of Performance Over Time in Work Groups , 2000 .

[34]  Christopher Nwosisi,et al.  A Study of the Flipped Classroom and Its Effectiveness in Flipping Thirty Percent of the Course Content , 2016 .

[35]  M. Lage,et al.  Inverting the Classroom: A Gateway to Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment , 2000 .

[36]  Lorena Blasco-Arcas,et al.  Using clickers in class. The role of interactivity, active collaborative learning and engagement in learning performance , 2013, Comput. Educ..

[37]  Aqeel Khan,et al.  Internal and External Loci-of-Hope Predict Use of Individual and Collaborative Learning Strategies: Evidence from University Students in Four Asian Cities , 2016 .

[38]  G. Pazzaglia,et al.  Enhancing student engagement using the flipped classroom. , 2015, Journal of nutrition education and behavior.

[39]  Yen M. To,et al.  Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments , 2009, Internet High. Educ..

[40]  Anunay Sinha,et al.  An Implementation Framework for FLIPPED CLASSROOMS in Higher Education , 2017, ICEGOV '17.

[41]  A. Röhl,et al.  The Flipped Classroom: An Opportunity to Engage Millennial Students through Active Learning Strategies. , 2013 .

[42]  Baki Cavlazoglu,et al.  Flipping a College Calculus Course: A Case Study , 2015, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[43]  Randall S. Davies,et al.  Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course , 2013 .

[44]  Michele H. Jackson,et al.  The learning environment in clicker classrooms: student processes of learning and involvement in large university‐level courses using student response systems , 2007 .

[45]  Nancy A. Schiller,et al.  Case Studies and the Flipped Classroom , 2013 .

[46]  Annemarie S. Palincsar,et al.  Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning. , 1998, Annual review of psychology.

[47]  John J. Sosik,et al.  Transformational Leadership in Work Groups , 2002 .

[48]  Jack F. Eichler,et al.  Flipped Classroom Modules for Large Enrollment General Chemistry Courses: A Low Barrier Approach to Increase Active Learning and Improve Student Grades. , 2016 .

[49]  Bracha Kramarski,et al.  How can self-regulated learning be supported in mathematical E-learning environments? , 2006, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[50]  Daniel Peterson,et al.  The Flipped Classroom Improves Student Achievement and Course Satisfaction in a Statistics Course , 2016 .

[51]  Karl Steffens,et al.  Self‐Regulated Learning in Technology‐Enhanced Learning Environments: lessons of a European peer review , 2006 .

[52]  Chih-Yang Chao,et al.  Exploring students' learning attitude and achievement in flipped learning supported computer aided design curriculum: A study in high school engineering education , 2015, Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ..

[53]  A. Artino,et al.  Academic motivation and self-regulation: A comparative analysis of undergraduate and graduate students learning online , 2009, Internet High. Educ..

[54]  Elizabeth O. Hayward,et al.  The impact of individual, competitive, and collaborative mathematics game play on learning, performance, and motivation , 2013 .

[55]  Gwo-Jen Hwang,et al.  A collaborative game-based learning approach to improving students' learning performance in science courses , 2013, Comput. Educ..

[56]  Carl Young,et al.  Questions to consider before flipping , 2015 .

[57]  Gregory Schraw,et al.  The use of computer-based environments for understanding and improving self-regulation , 2007 .

[58]  Anthony J. Nyberg,et al.  Collective efficacy, group potency, and group performance: meta-analyses of their relationships, and test of a mediation model. , 2009, The Journal of applied psychology.

[59]  Scott A. Reid,et al.  Impact of the Flipped Classroom on Student Performance and Retention: A Parallel Controlled Study in General Chemistry , 2016 .

[60]  Shih-Hsiung Liu,et al.  Relationship between the factors influencing online help-seeking and self-regulated learning among Taiwanese preservice teachers , 2017, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[61]  Edward Palmer,et al.  Personalising learning: Exploring student and teacher perceptions about flexible learning and assessment in a flipped university course , 2015, Comput. Educ..

[62]  Barbara Schindelka,et al.  Flipping for success: evaluating the effectiveness of a novel teaching approach in a graduate level setting , 2015, BMC medical education.

[63]  Kerstin E. E. Schroder,et al.  Interaction, Internet self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses , 2014, Internet High. Educ..

[64]  Marco Kalz,et al.  Time will tell: The role of mobile learning analytics in self-regulated learning , 2015, Comput. Educ..