Highly tunable and broadband graphene ring modulator

Abstract. We propose a ring modulator based on few-layer graphene with large tunability and modulation efficiency. Compared with monolayer graphene, a few-layer graphene structure can enhance the tunability linearly. In the proposed structure, the shift of resonance wavelength can be enlarged to 20.3 nm, implying the proposed modulator can achieve the bandwidth of 100 GHz. In addition, a large extinction ratio of 15.5 dB and a good temperature tolerance of 45 K can be obtained in this modulator.

[1]  Lukas Chrostowski,et al.  Silicon photonic slot waveguide Bragg gratings and resonators. , 2013, Optics express.

[2]  Di Liang,et al.  Silicon-graphene conductive photodetector with ultra-high responsivity , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[3]  Antonella Sciuto,et al.  Design, fabrication, and testing of an integrated Si-based light modulator , 2003, Photonics Fabrication Europe.

[4]  K. Loh,et al.  Graphene photonics, plasmonics, and broadband optoelectronic devices. , 2012, ACS nano.

[5]  Nader Engheta,et al.  Transformation Optics Using Graphene , 2011, Science.

[6]  Chester Shu,et al.  Optical Absorption in Graphene-on-Silicon Nitride Microring Resonators , 2015, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[7]  Mo Li,et al.  Switching energy limits of waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators. , 2012, Optics express.

[8]  Somaye Serajmohammadi,et al.  All-Optical NAND Gate Based on Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators , 2016 .

[9]  Dries Van Thourhout,et al.  Graphene Modulators and Switches Integrated on Silicon and Silicon Nitride Waveguide , 2017, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[10]  A. Alú,et al.  Atomically thin surface cloak using graphene monolayers. , 2011, ACS nano.

[11]  T. Horikawa,et al.  50-Gb/s ring-resonator-based silicon modulator. , 2013, Optics express.

[12]  Yihong Wu,et al.  Graphene thickness determination using reflection and contrast spectroscopy. , 2007, Nano letters.

[13]  Kaikai Xu.  Monolithically integrated Si gate-controlled light-emitting device: science and properties , 2018 .

[14]  Wei Du,et al.  Ultra-compact optical modulator by graphene induced electro-refraction effect , 2013 .

[15]  Xiang Yin,et al.  Dynamically Tunable Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Graphene-Based Coupled Micro-ring Resonators , 2017, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[16]  Wim Bogaerts,et al.  Silicon dual-ring modulator driven by differential signal. , 2014, Optics letters.

[17]  T. Baehr‐Jones,et al.  Silicon-polymer hybrid slot waveguide ring-resonator modulator. , 2011, Optics express.

[18]  Qianfan Xu.  Silicon dual-ring modulator. , 2009, Optics express.

[19]  S. Kuhlmann,et al.  Photonic ring resonator filters for astronomical OH suppression. , 2017, Optics express.

[20]  Zhenhua Ni,et al.  Broadband graphene polarizer , 2011 .

[21]  Raluca Dinu,et al.  High-speed plasmonic phase modulators , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[22]  Wei Du,et al.  Graphene Assisted TE/TM-Independent Polarizer Based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometer , 2015, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[23]  Ran Hao,et al.  A Graphene-Enhanced Fiber-Optic Phase Modulator With Large Linear Dynamic Range , 2014, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[24]  Paul Crozat,et al.  Ten Gbit/s ring resonator silicon modulator based on interdigitated PN junctions. , 2011, Optics express.

[25]  N. Feng,et al.  Wavelength-tunable silicon microring modulator. , 2010, Optics express.

[26]  W. Sacher,et al.  Characteristics of Microring Resonators With Waveguide-Resonator Coupling Modulation , 2009, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[27]  Guo-Qiang Lo,et al.  Highly sensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometer biosensor based on silicon nitride slot waveguide , 2013 .

[28]  Kamal K. Kar,et al.  High-sensitive nitrogen dioxide and ethanol gas sensor using a reduced graphene oxide-loaded double split ring resonator , 2017 .

[29]  Ciyuan Qiu,et al.  Efficient modulation of 1.55 μm radiation with gated graphene on a silicon microring resonator. , 2014, Nano letters.

[30]  Steven G. Louie,et al.  First direct observation of Dirac fermions in graphite , 2006, cond-mat/0608069.

[31]  Chen Zhu,et al.  Integrated Hybrid Wavelength-Tunable III–V/Silicon Transmitter Based on a Ring-Assisted Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Modulator , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.