Three dimensional MHD upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid flow with nonlinear radiative heat flux

Abstract In the present article, three dimensional upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) nanofluid flow over a stretching surface has been considered to examine the effects of nanoparticles and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on heat and mass transfer. A nonlinear radiative heat flux is incorporated in the formulation of energy equation. Similarity transformation reduces the nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem to the ordinary differential equations, which are then solved by the well known shooting technique through Runge-Kutta integration procedure of order four. To strengthen the reliability of our results, the MATLAB built-in function bvp4c is also used. Effects of some prominent parameters such as Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, thermophoresis parameter, magnetic parameter on velocity, temperature and concentration are discussed graphically and numerically. It is witnessed that flow velocity is diminishing function of linear and nonlinear thermal radiation parameter. Moreover mounting values of Brownian motion parameter lower the nanoparticle concentration profile.

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