Three traditions of network research: What the public management research agenda can learn from other research communities

This article identifies and describes the development of three parallel streams of literature about network theory and research: social network analysis, policy change and political science networks, and public management networks. Noting that these traditions have sometimes been inattentive to each other's work, the authors illustrate the similarities and differences in the underlying theoretical assumptions, types of research questions addressed, and research methods typically employed by the three traditions. The authors draw especially on the social network analysis (sociological) tradition to provide theoretical and research insights for those who focus primarily on public management networks. The article concludes with recommendations for advancing current scholarship on public management networks.

[1]  Flávio Penteado Sampaio Class and class conflict in an industrial society , 1961 .

[2]  D. North Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance: Economic performance , 1990 .

[3]  P. Sabatier,et al.  Policy Change And Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach , 1993 .

[4]  M. McPherson,et al.  Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks , 2001 .

[5]  L. Coser The Tasks of Sociology. (Book Reviews: The Idea of Social Structure. Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton) , 2017 .

[6]  Carter T. Butts,et al.  Advances in generative structuralism: Structured agency and multilevel dynamics , 1999 .

[7]  L. O'toole Treating networks seriously: Practical and research-based agendas in public administration , 1997 .

[8]  H. Ibarra Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. , 1992 .

[9]  Michael Mcguire,et al.  Collaborative Public Management: New Strategies for Local Governments , 2004 .

[10]  Elinor Ostrom,et al.  Metropolitan Reform: Propositions Derived From Two Traditions. , 1972 .

[11]  D. Knoke,et al.  Political Networks: The Structural Perspective , 1992 .

[12]  D. Krackhardt The strength of strong ties: The importance of Philos in organizations , 2003 .

[13]  E. Laumann,et al.  Networks of Collective Action: A Perspective on Community Influence Systems , 1976 .

[14]  Laurence J. O'Toole,et al.  Public Management and Educational Performance: The Impact of Managerial Networking , 2003 .

[15]  Keith G. Provan,et al.  Networks within networks: Service link overlap, organizational cliques, and network effectiveness , 1998 .

[16]  K. Provan,et al.  A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems , 1995 .

[17]  R. Dahl,et al.  Who Governs: Democracy and Power in an American City. , 1962 .

[18]  Keith G. Provan,et al.  Institutional-level norms and organizational involvement in a service-implementation network , 1991 .

[19]  L. Freeman Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification , 1978 .

[20]  Mark Schneider,et al.  Public Entrepreneurs: Agents for Change in American Government , 1995 .

[21]  F. Scharpf,et al.  Interorganizational Policy Studies: Issues, Concepts and Perspectives , 1978 .

[22]  William D. Berry,et al.  Tax Innovation in the States: Capitalizing on Political Opportunity , 1992 .

[23]  D. Osborne,et al.  Reinventing government , 1993, Nature.

[24]  Laurence J. O'Toole,et al.  Implementing Public Innovations in Network Settings , 1997 .

[25]  Edward O. Laumann,et al.  Community-Elite Influence Structures: Extension of a Network Approach , 1977, American Journal of Sociology.

[26]  Michael McGuire,et al.  Big Questions in Public Network Management Research , 2001 .

[27]  Mark S. Granovetter Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness , 1985, American Journal of Sociology.

[28]  Michael McGuire,et al.  Multinetwork Management: Collaboration and the Hollow State in Local Economic Policy , 1998 .

[29]  Michael Mintrom,et al.  Policy Entrepreneurs and School Choice , 2000 .

[30]  F. Harary,et al.  STRUCTURAL BALANCE: A GENERALIZATION OF HEIDER'S THEORY1 , 1977 .

[31]  Myrna Mandell,et al.  Strategies for Managing Intergovernmental Policies and Networks , 1990 .

[32]  T. L. Schwartz The Logic of Collective Action , 1986 .

[33]  Kathleen M. Carley,et al.  Inhibiting Adaptation , 2002 .

[34]  M. Mizruchi,et al.  The American Corporate Network 1904-1974 , 1982 .

[35]  Umed Raj Nahar Community power structure , 1993 .

[36]  Laurence J. O'Toole,et al.  Modeling the impact of public management: implications of structural context , 1999 .

[37]  D. Knoke Political Networks: Political Networks , 1990 .

[38]  David Marsh,et al.  Comparing policy networks , 1998 .

[39]  D. Krackhardt Assessing the political landscape: Structure, cognition, and power in organizations. , 1990 .

[40]  Michael Mintrom,et al.  Policy Networks and Innovation Diffusion: The Case of State Education Reforms , 1998, The Journal of Politics.

[41]  When Federalism Works , 1988 .

[42]  S. Borgatti,et al.  The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology , 2003 .

[43]  R. Burt The contingent value of social capital. , 1997 .

[44]  John T. Scholz,et al.  Watershed Partnerships and the Emergence of Collective Action Institutions , 2002 .

[45]  J. Galaskiewicz Exchange Networks and Community Politics , 1979 .

[46]  Destabilizing networks , 2002 .

[47]  O. Williamson The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach , 1981, American Journal of Sociology.

[48]  John Scott Social Network Analysis , 1988 .

[49]  Mark S. Granovetter The Strength of Weak Ties , 1973, American Journal of Sociology.

[50]  William D. Berry,et al.  State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis , 1990, American Political Science Review.

[51]  J. Mitchell,et al.  The Concept and Use of Social Networks , 1969 .

[52]  Laurence J. O'Toole,et al.  Managerial Strategies and Behavior in Networks: A Model with Evidence from U.S. Public Education * , 2001 .

[53]  R. Morton,et al.  Who Shall Survive? , 1954, Mental Health.

[54]  Kathleen M. Carley,et al.  A structural perspective on the emergence of network organizations , 1999 .

[55]  H. Milward,et al.  Dark Networks as Problems , 2003 .

[56]  Myrna Mandell,et al.  Intergovernmental management in interorganizational networks: a revised perspective , 1988 .

[57]  D. Marsh,et al.  Policy networks in British government , 1992 .

[58]  M. Olson,et al.  The Logic of Collective Action , 1965 .

[59]  K. Meier,et al.  Public management and organizational performance: The effect of managerial quality , 2002 .

[60]  R. Burt Toward a structural theory of action , 1982 .

[61]  Keith G. Provan,et al.  Do networks really work? A framework for evaluating public-sector organizational networks , 1999 .

[62]  R. Gage Federal Regional Councils: Networking Organizations for Policy Management in the Intergovernmental System , 1984 .

[63]  S. Nadel The Theory of Social Structure , 1957 .

[64]  G. Brady Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action , 1993 .

[65]  John W. Kingdon,et al.  Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policy. , 1985 .

[66]  H. George Frederickson,et al.  The spirit of public administration , 1996 .

[67]  R. Mayntz Modernization and the logic of interorganizational networks , 1993 .

[68]  Mark Schneider,et al.  Building Consensual Institutions: Networks and the National Estuary Program , 2003 .

[69]  D. Knoke Political Networks: Contents , 1990 .

[70]  Ronald S. Burt,et al.  Cohesion Versus Structural Equivalence as a Basis for Network Subgroups , 1978 .