Leonard C. Ferrington, Jr. (1948-2021): Chironomid cognoscente and modern-day Renaissance man

“Let’s look at some chironomids!” Many of Dr. Leonard “Len” C. Ferrington Jr.’s students heard this phrase as he walked into the lab with an excited smile on his face. Len’s enthusiasm for chironomid research whether it be time at the microscope or out in the field was infectious. Whenever a student came to his office describing a new or unique observation or an unknown midge, he would always drop what he was doing to check it out and provide his input. Once he saw these discoveries, he would give you an enthusiastic, but knowing smile and then often describe the localities where he had also made a similar observation or found the same midge. Usually, any interaction with Len would branch out into an extended discussion of some ecological or taxonomic topic and ideas for future research. He always had new ideas to contribute, and certainly had no plans to retire (“Why would I want to do that?!” was a common response when asked). Sadly, Len passed away unexpectedly, on September 11, 2021, while bicycling on the Root River Trail, near Lanesboro, Minnesota.

[1]  B. Vondracek,et al.  Longevities of Adult Chironomidae (Diptera) from Two Streams in Iceland , 2021 .

[2]  M. Blackwood,et al.  Sediment Transfers and Representativeness of Mesocosm Test Fauna , 2020 .

[3]  B. Vondracek,et al.  The influence of an in-stream thermal gradient on chironomid emergence during winter , 2020, Hydrobiologia.

[4]  Petra Kranzfelder,et al.  Chironomidae (Diptera) species diversity of estuaries across a land use gradient on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica , 2018, Revista de Biología Tropical.

[5]  L. Ferrington,et al.  First Record of the Genus Telmatopelopia Fittkau, 1962 from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 2017, Entomological news.

[6]  J. Finlay,et al.  Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth and condition along a winter thermal gradient in temperate streams , 2017 .

[7]  J. Finlay,et al.  Winter diet of brown trout Salmo trutta in groundwater-dominated streams: influence of environmental factors on spatial and temporal variation. , 2016, Journal of fish biology.

[8]  L. Ferrington,et al.  First record of Odontomesa Pagast from China, with description of the immature stages of O. ferringtoni Sæther (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae). , 2016, Zootaxa.

[9]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). , 2016, Zootaxa.

[10]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Two new species of genus Hydrosmittia Ferrington & Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae) from China. , 2016, Zootaxa.

[11]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Larva and Karyotype of Xenochironomus sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae) from North America , 2016 .

[12]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Temporal and spatial variability of Chironomidae (Diptera) species emergence in a Neotropical estuary , 2016, Freshwater Science.

[13]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Use of Chironomidae (Diptera) Surface-Floating Pupal Exuviae as a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for Water Bodies. , 2015, Journal of Visualized Experiments.

[14]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Emergence Dynamics of Diamesa cheimatophila Hansen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) , 2015 .

[15]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Characterization of Chironomidae (Diptera) surface-floating pupal exuviae sample sort time from coastal tropical aquatic systems , 2015, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

[16]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Differential efficiencies of dip-net sampling versus sampling surface-floating pupal exuviae in a biodiversity survey of Chironomidae , 2014 .

[17]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Factors affecting decomposition rates of chironomid (Diptera) pupal exuviae , 2014 .

[18]  J. Finlay,et al.  Winter feeding, growth and condition of brown trout Salmo trutta in a groundwater-dominated stream , 2014 .

[19]  B. Vondracek,et al.  Survivorship and longevity of adult Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski, 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) at controlled, sub-freezing temperatures , 2014 .

[20]  B. Vondracek,et al.  Air‐Water Temperature Relationships in the Trout Streams of Southeastern Minnesota's Carbonate‐Sandstone Landscape , 2012 .

[21]  L. Ferrington,et al.  A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) , 2011 .

[22]  C. Hawkins,et al.  Assessing Macroinvertebrate Biodiversity in Freshwater Ecosystems: Advances and Challenges in DNA-based Approaches , 2010, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[23]  J. Ashley,et al.  Using the Sediment Quality Triad to characterize baseline conditions in the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA , 2009, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[24]  S. Gresens,et al.  Taxonomic distinctness provides an alternative view of the diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera) assemblages , 2008 .

[25]  W. Lock SaMpliNg eFFicieNcy oF chiroNoMidae (diptera) acroSS diSturBaNce gradieNtS , 2008 .

[26]  J. Santiago-Blay,et al.  COMPARISON AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE FROM LAKE ERIE AND PRESQUE ISLE BAY, ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. , 2008 .

[27]  L. Ferrington Global diversity of non-biting midges (Chironomidae; Insecta-Diptera) in freshwater , 2007, Hydrobiologia.

[28]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Rhagosmittia and Trondia, two new genera of Orthocladiinae from Oceania and Australia (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 2006 .

[29]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Biological Assessment of Cannon Creek, Missouri by Use of Emerging Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) , 2005 .

[30]  M. Blackwood,et al.  Composition and phenology of Chironomidae from the Nelson Environmental Study Area, University of Kansas , 1992, Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology.

[31]  L. Ferrington,et al.  The karyotype of Axarus festivus (Say) and a comparison with species of Lipiniella (Chironomidae: Diptera) , 1992, Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology.

[32]  R. Lichtwardt,et al.  Symbiotic Harpellales (Trichomycetes) in Tasmanian aquatic insects. , 2005, Mycologia.

[33]  C. Wright,et al.  Analysis of chlordane-impacted streams using chironomid pupal exuviae (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 2004, Hydrobiologia.

[34]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Instar distribution and biomass of Chironomidae larvae in Lago El Junco, Isla San Cristobal, the Galápagos , 2004, Hydrobiologia.

[35]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Nomenclature notes on some orthoclads (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 2003 .

[36]  L. Ferrington,et al.  NEW COMBINATIONS AND SYNONYMS IN EUROPEAN Pseudosmittia GOETGHEBUER AND RELATED GENERA , 2003 .

[37]  M. White,et al.  A New Genus of Trichomycetes (Pseudoharpella arcolamylica) from Dixa fluvica Peters (Diptera: Dixidae) , 2003 .

[38]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Differential morphological responses of chironomid larvae to severe heavy metal exposure (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 2002 .

[39]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Temporal and Taxonomic Patterns of Mouthpart Deformities in Larval Midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Relation to Sediment Chemistry , 2001 .

[40]  D. Sparling,et al.  Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds , 2000 .

[41]  R. Lichtwardt,et al.  Trichomycetes in Argentinean aquatic insect larvae , 1999 .

[42]  R. Surampalli,et al.  Predicting Aqueous Metal Species in a Stream Impacted by Mining Activity , 1998 .

[43]  R. Lichtwardt,et al.  CHIRONOMIDAE-TRICHOMYCETE ASSOCIATIONS : A LITERATURE REVIEW , 1998 .

[44]  L. Ferrington,et al.  A review of the genus Semiocladius sublette et wirth, 1980 (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 1997 .

[45]  R. Lichtwardt,et al.  Harpellales: generic confusion due to precocious development , 1997 .

[46]  J. Kavanaugh,et al.  Habitat separation among Chironomidae (Diptera) in Big Springs , 1995 .

[47]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Physoneura a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Patagonia and South Chile (Diptera: Chironomidae) , 1995 .

[48]  G. Howick,et al.  Rapid establishment of test conditions and trophic‐level interactions in 0.04‐hectare earthen pond mesocosms , 1992 .

[49]  M. Blackwood,et al.  A PROTOCOL FOR USING SURFACE-FLOATING PUPAL EXUVIAE OF CHIRONOMIDAE FOR RAPID BIO ASSESSMENT OF CHANGING WATER QUALITY , 1991 .

[50]  L. Ferrington,et al.  Male, Female, Pupa and Biology of Oliveridia hugginsi, n. sp. (Chironomidae: Diptera) from Kansas , 1987 .

[51]  L. Ferrington,et al.  The Immature Stages of Thienemannimyia barberi (Coquillett) (Diptera:Chironomidae:Tanypodinae) , 1983, Freshwater Invertebrate Biology.

[52]  D. Huggins,et al.  Guide to the freshwater invertebrates of the Midwest , 1982 .

[53]  L. Ferrington,et al.  NEW RECORDS OF WESTERN USA TRICHOPTERA WITH NOTES ON THEIR BIOLOGY , 1980 .