A Target Information Display for Visualising Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres in Various Visibility Conditions

The paper introduces a new approach to displaying information on targets. The proposed display visualises three types of information: targets' motion parameters (typical for target tracking), combinations of own course and speed which collide with those targets (typical for Collision Threat Parameters Area display by Lenart (1983)) and combinations of own course and speed which are not compliant with COLREGS in this case (based on ships' motion parameters and visibility conditions). A superposition of the last two types of data enables a navigator to quickly choose a collision avoidance manoeuvre which is both sufficient and COLREGS-compliant. Additionally, the displayed data may be filtered based on the remaining Time To Collision (TTC) so that navigators can concentrate on direct threats. The paper includes a description of the proposed visualisation technique as well as examples of visualised data for some encounter situations.

[1]  Leo van Breda,et al.  Capability Prediction: An Effective Way to Improve Navigational Performance , 2000, Journal of Navigation.

[2]  Rafal Szlapczynski,et al.  A Unified Measure Of Collision Risk Derived From The Concept Of A Ship Domain , 2006, Journal of Navigation.

[3]  Huanxin Zou,et al.  Ship Surveillance by Integration of Space-borne SAR and AIS – Review of Current Research , 2014 .

[4]  Samuel R. Pecota,et al.  Maritime Head-Up Display: A Preliminary Evaluation , 2011 .

[5]  Qiao Liu,et al.  Direct Perception Interface for Ship-Ship Collision Avoidance , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[6]  Egil Pedersen,et al.  On the effect of plotting performance by the errors of pointing targets in the ARPA system , 1999 .

[7]  A. S. Lenart.  Manoeuvring to required approach parameters - CPA distance and time , 1999 .

[8]  Edmund Hadnett.  A Bridge Too Far , 2008 .

[9]  Andrzej Stateczny,et al.  Multisensor Tracking of Marine Targets - Decentralized Fusion of Kalman and Neural Filters , 2011 .

[10]  A. Lenart,et al.  Collision Threat Parameters for a new Radar Display and Plot Technique , 1983, Journal of Navigation.

[11]  Carlos F. Salinas,et al.  Restricted visibility: In Search of a Solution , 2006, Journal of Navigation.

[12]  John Kemp.  Behaviour Patterns in Crossing Situations , 2009 .

[13]  Andrzej S. Lenart.  Distance and Speed Errors in ARPA Systems , 2005, Journal of Navigation.

[14]  Kinzo Inoue,et al.  Simulator Studies on a Collision Avoidance Display that Facilitates Efficient and Precise Assessment of Evasive Manoeuvres in Congested Waterways , 2003, Journal of Navigation.

[15]  Qiao Liu,et al.  Direct perception of collision danger information for safe marine navigation , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583).

[16]  T. Coldwell.  Marine Traffic Behaviour in Restricted Waters , 1983, Journal of Navigation.

[17]  Wu Zhao-lin,et al.  Analysis of Radar PAD Information and a Suggestion to Reshape the PAD , 1988, Journal of Navigation.

[18]  Rafal Szlapczynski,et al.  Planning Emergency Manoeuvres , 2009 .

[19]  Huanxin Zou,et al.  Ship Surveillance by Integration of Space-borne SAR and AIS – Further Research , 2013, Journal of Navigation.