Overview on the development and critical issues of water jet guided laser machining technology

Abstract There was no established literature or documentation regarding this due to the competition for the market and confidentiality issues. This article reviews the current status of waterjet guided laser (WJGL) processing. This paper addresses the state-of-the-art development and knowledge in WJGL technology. The paper attempts to support researchers as well as practical engineers who are considering this non-traditional manufacturing method for application in their field. The topic is developed following the history of the water-jet guided laser technology. It outlines the primary aspects of industrial use, their relevant applications, and the variety of laser beam sources available. Here the principle, machine configuration and benefits of the WJGL technology are elaborated. The formation process of water jet, optical characteristics of water, the influence of different factors on the stability of jet are discussed. In this paper different aspect of laser-waterjet coupling like coupling unit, parameters, loss, propagation modes and speckle etc. are discussed. The major factors which affect transmission efficiency are wavelength of laser, focal position and numerical aperture. After giving some more details on the operating principle and its realization, the following sections WJGL-matter interaction, modeling of material removal, laser induced bubble and breakdown are presented. In this paper an attempt is made to present a literature survey on waterjet guided laser technology.

[1]  A. Aberle,et al.  Laser Chemical Processing (LCP) of Poly-Silicon Thin Film on Glass Substrates☆ , 2013 .

[2]  Chao Wu,et al.  Optimization of Processing Parameters for Water-Jet-Assisted Laser Etching of Polycrystalline Silicon , 2019, Applied Sciences.

[3]  A. Umemura,et al.  Simulation of liquid jet primary breakup: Dynamics of ligament and droplet formation , 2010 .

[4]  F Frank,et al.  An Nd:YAG laser with a water-guided laser beam--a new transmission system. , 1988, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[5]  Mikhael Gorokhovski,et al.  Modeling Primary Atomization , 2008 .

[6]  J. Gallagher,et al.  Refractive index of water and steam as function of wavelength, temperature and density , 1990 .

[7]  Hiroyuki Hiroyasu,et al.  SPRAY BREAKUP MECHANISM FROM THE HOLE-TYPE NOZZLE AND ITS APPLICATIONS , 2000 .

[8]  D. M. Roessler,et al.  LASER PROCESSING OF MATERIALS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS , 1989 .

[9]  Bernold Richerzhagen,et al.  Saw + LMJ: a hybrid semiconductor dicing solution , 2008, SPIE LASE.

[10]  Guowei Yang.  Laser Ablation in Liquids: Principles and Applications in the Preparation of Nanomaterials , 2012 .

[11]  Juan Pou,et al.  Advances in laser materials processing: Technology, research and applications , 2010 .

[12]  Matt Young,et al.  Optics and lasers , 1977 .

[13]  J. Lasheras,et al.  Liquid Jet Instability and Atomization in a Coaxial Gas Stream , 2000 .

[14]  Z. Dai,et al.  PRIMARY BREAKUP OF NONTURBULENT ROUND LIQUID JETS IN GAS CROSSFLOWS , 1999 .

[15]  Jun Wang,et al.  Heat transfer and material ablation in hybrid laser-waterjet microgrooving of single crystalline germanium , 2017 .

[16]  B. Pourdeyhimi,et al.  The effects of nozzle geometry on waterjet breakup at high Reynolds numbers , 2003 .

[18]  Mohammad Sheikh,et al.  Effect of thermal stresses on chip-free diode laser cutting of glass , 2009 .

[19]  Manfred Geiger,et al.  Laser beam cutting , 1995 .

[20]  Joseph B. Keller,et al.  Slender jets and thin sheets with surface tension , 1990 .

[21]  Subhransu Roy,et al.  Development and parametric study of a water-jet assisted underwater laser cutting process , 2013 .

[22]  Werner Lauterborn,et al.  Optical and acoustic investigations of the dynamics of laser-produced cavitation bubbles near a solid boundary , 1989, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[23]  P. Radhakrishnan.  Computer Numerical Control Machines And Computer Aided Manufacture , 2014 .

[24]  E. Snitzer.  Cylindrical Dielectric Waveguide Modes , 1961 .

[25]  T. Maiman.  Stimulated Optical Radiation in Ruby , 1960, Nature.

[26]  H. Yuxing,et al.  Theoretical study of water jet guided laser technology based on non-uniform electric field deflection water jet , 2019, Optics Communications.

[27]  C. W. Hirt,et al.  Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries , 1981 .

[28]  I. Malinowski,et al.  Perspectives of applications of micro-machining utilizing water jet guided laser , 2007 .

[29]  P. Molian,et al.  Off-Axial, Gas-Jet-Assisted, Laser Cutting of 6.35-mm Thick Stainless Steel , 1995 .

[30]  N. Chigier,et al.  Disintegration of liquid sheets , 1990 .

[31]  V. Tangwarodomnukun,et al.  Dynamic features of bubble induced by a nanosecond pulse laser in still and flowing water , 2018 .

[32]  Werner Jüptner,et al.  LIA handbook of laser materials processing , 2002 .

[33]  Ashish Kumar Nath,et al.  A study on co-axial water-jet assisted fiber laser grooving of silicon , 2016 .

[34]  H. Louis,et al.  Effect of helium atmospheres on abrasive suspension water jets , 2005 .

[35]  B. Pourdeyhimi,et al.  A study on hydroentangling waterjets and their impact forces , 2006 .

[36]  Effect of an Optical Breakdown on the Stimulated Raman Scattering in Water in the Field of Picosecond Laser Pulses , 2019, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics.

[37]  Zoltan Farago,et al.  MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISINTEGRATION OF ROUND LIQUID JETS IN A COAXIAL AIR STREAM , 1992 .

[38]  R. A. Castleman.  The mechanism of the atomization of liquids , 1931 .

[39]  M. Sussman,et al.  A Coupled Level Set and Volume-of-Fluid Method for Computing 3D and Axisymmetric Incompressible Two-Phase Flows , 2000 .

[40]  S. P. Lin.  Breakup of liquid sheets and jets , 2003 .

[41]  W. Kaiser,et al.  Threshold of stimulated Raman scattering in liquids and self-focusing of laser beams , 1966 .

[42]  Delphine Perrottet,et al.  Heat damage-free laser-microjet cutting achieves highest die fracture strength , 2005, SPIE LASE.

[43]  Bernold Richerzhagen,et al.  Experimental micromachining results using a UV laser with the laser microjet , 2008 .

[44]  W. H. Nurick,et al.  Orifice Cavitation and Its Effect on Spray Mixing , 1976 .

[45]  Giancarlo Alfonsi,et al.  Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations for Turbulence Modeling , 2009 .

[46]  A. Kruusing.  Underwater and water-assisted laser processing: Part 2—Etching, cutting and rarely used methods , 2004 .

[47]  Douglas S. Hobbs,et al.  Contamination resistant antireflection nano-textures in fused silica for laser optics , 2013, Laser Damage.

[48]  D. B. Johnson,et al.  Modelling of heat transfer in waterjet guided laser drilling of silicon , 2003 .

[49]  Xi Jiang,et al.  Physical modelling and advanced simulations of gas―liquid two-phase jet flows in atomization and sprays , 2010 .

[50]  Frank R. Wagner,et al.  High efficiency Raman scattering in micrometer-sized water jets , 2004 .

[51]  K. Kuo.  Regimes of Jet Breakup and Breakup Mechanisms (Physical Aspects) , 1996 .

[52]  Radovan Kovacevic,et al.  Principles of Abrasive Water Jet Machining , 2012 .

[53]  Chuanzhen Huang,et al.  Material removal of single crystal 4H-SiC wafers in hybrid laser-waterjet micromachining process , 2018, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing.

[54]  R. P. Fraser,et al.  Drop formation from rapidly moving liquid sheets , 1962 .

[55]  Radovan Kovacevic,et al.  Modeling of waterjet guided laser grooving of silicon , 2003 .

[56]  F. Granek,et al.  Laser cutting of silicon with the liquid jet guided laser using a chlorine-containing jet media , 2011 .

[57]  F. Wagner,et al.  Water Jet Guided Laser Cutting: a Powerful Hybrid Technology for Fine Cutting and Grooving , 1993 .

[58]  R. Reitz,et al.  DROP AND SPRAY FORMATION FROM A LIQUID JET , 1998 .

[59]  Bernold Richerzhagen,et al.  Complete model to simulate the thermal defocusing of a laser beam focused in water , 1996 .

[60]  F. Wagner,et al.  New technique for high-speed microjet breakup analysis , 2003 .

[61]  Vitus M Tabie,et al.  Water-Jet Guided Laser Cutting Technology- an Overview , 2019, Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing.

[62]  B. Adelmann,et al.  High aspect ratio cutting of metals using water jet guided laser , 2015 .

[63]  S. Marimuthu,et al.  Water-jet guided laser drilling of SiC reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites , 2019, Journal of Composite Materials.

[64]  Ralf Hellmann,et al.  Comparative Study of Remote Fiber Laser and Water-Jet Guided Laser Cutting of Thin Metal Sheets , 2012 .

[65]  J. Sethian,et al.  Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations , 1988 .

[66]  Gino Dini,et al.  Water jet guided laser as an alternative to EDM for micro-drilling of fuel injector nozzles: A comparison of machined surfaces , 2013 .

[67]  G L Powell,et al.  Laser in dentistry. Soft-tissue procedures. , 1993, Dental clinics of North America.

[68]  R. Fabbro,et al.  Wavelength dependent of laser shock-wave generation in the water-confinement regime , 1999 .

[69]  Microstructural Changes Induced by Ultrashort Pulsed Lasers in Microdrilling of Fuel Nozzles , 2015 .

[70]  Alexey N. Bashkatov,et al.  Water refractive index in dependence on temperature and wavelength: a simple approximation , 2003, Saratov Fall Meeting.

[71]  G. Tryggvason,et al.  A front-tracking method for viscous, incompressible, multi-fluid flows , 1992 .

[72]  B. Richerzhagen,et al.  Interferometer for measuring the absolute refractive index of liquid water as a function of temperature at 1.064 µm. , 1996, Applied optics.

[73]  L. Rayleigh.  On The Instability Of Jets , 1878 .

[74]  K. Voss,et al.  Raman scattering by pure water and seawater. , 1998, Applied optics.

[75]  C. Sleicher,et al.  The instability of capillary jets , 1975, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[76]  G. Taylor.  The instability of liquid surfaces when accelerated in a direction perpendicular to their planes. I , 1950, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[77]  Li Ling.  Laser and water-jet fiber coupling technology for water-jet guided laser micromachining , 2008 .

[78]  Arvi Kruusing,et al.  Underwater and water-assisted laser processing: Part 1-general features, steam cleaning and shock processing [review article] , 2004 .

[79]  V. Yadava,et al.  Optimization of kerf quality during pulsed laser cutting of aluminium alloy sheet , 2008 .

[80]  P. Couty,et al.  Laser-induced break-up of water jet waveguide , 2004 .

[81]  Patrik Hoffmann,et al.  Laser coupling with a multimode water-jet waveguide , 2005 .

[82]  Thomas Nilsson,et al.  Scribing of GaN wafer for white LED by water-jet-guided laser , 2004, SPIE OPTO.

[83]  George C. Papen,et al.  Modal noise in multimode fibers under restricted launch conditions , 1999 .

[84]  Stefan W. Glunz,et al.  Laser Chemical Processing (LCP)—A versatile tool for microstructuring applications , 2008 .

[85]  J. Ready.  LIA handbook of Laser materials processing , 2001 .

[86]  Jussi A. Karjalainen,et al.  Cutting thin sheet metal with a water jet guided laser using various cutting distances, feed speeds and angles of incidence , 2007 .

[87]  Fuzhu Han,et al.  The experimental investigation of water jet–guided laser cutting of CFRP , 2019, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.

[88]  Daniel Malacara.  Handbook of Optical Engineering , 2001 .

[89]  Lauren Belfer,et al.  CITY OF LIGHT , 2010, Paris from the Ground Up.

[90]  D. Papageorgiou.  Analytical description of the breakup of liquid jets , 1993, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[91]  C. Weber.  Zum Zerfall eines Flüssigkeitsstrahles , 1931 .