Chapter 12 – Virtual synchronous generators and their applications in microgrids

The growing distributed generating units and renewable energy sources (DGs/RESs) have either very small or no rotating mass (which is the main source of inertia) and damping property and therefore, the grid dynamic performance and stability will be affected by insufficient inertia and damping of DGs/RESs. The most challenging issue with the inverter-based units is to synchronize the inverter with the grid and then to keep it in step with the grid even when disturbances or changes happen. A solution towards stability improvement of such a grid is to provide virtual inertia by virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) that can be established by using short term energy storage together with a power inverter and a proper control mechanism. Several schemes of VSGs and its applications are reviewed in this chapter.

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