Aligning change deployment: a Balanced Scorecard approach

Purpose – Change literature emphasizes the significance of aligning change at a systemic level for sustained effectiveness of strategic change initiatives. While this body of literature emphasizes the significance of psychological and process dimensions of managing change, research on an integrated and strategic approach to deploy, track, measure and sustain large‐scale changes has been limited and inconclusive. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in the literature to propose a holistic conceptual framework for identifying, formulating, deploying, measuring, aligning and tracking strategic changes in organizations.Design/methodology/approach – Specifically, core concepts drawn from scholarly literature and practitioner writings from distinct fields of change management and strategy deployment tools, primarily the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as proposed by Kaplan and Norton, are reviewed, synthesized and critiqued, to inform and advance the integrated framework proposed.Findings – The suggested a...

[1]  C. Carnall Managing change in organizations , 1990 .

[2]  W. Burke,et al.  A Causal Model of Organizational Performance and Change , 1992 .

[3]  Z. Huq Managing change: a barrier to TQM implementation in service industries , 2005 .

[4]  Uma Kumar,et al.  Performance measurement by TQM adopters , 2007 .

[5]  Rajnandini Pillai,et al.  Transformational leadership, self‐efficacy, group cohesiveness, commitment, and performance , 2004 .

[6]  John Hayes,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Change Management , 2002 .

[7]  J. Bessant,et al.  Life Cycles of Growing Organizations: A Review with Implications for Knowledge and Learning , 2007 .

[8]  Steven H. Appelbaum,et al.  Strategic organizational change: the role of leadership, learning, motivation and productivity , 1998 .

[9]  Arturo Calvo-Mora,et al.  Using Enablers of the EFQM Model to Manage Institutions of Higher Education. , 2006 .

[10]  Mahmoud M. Yasin,et al.  A literature review of manufacturing performance measures and measurement in an organizational context: a framework and direction for future research , 2004 .

[11]  Paul Close,et al.  Performance evaluation and control: supporting organizational change , 2001 .

[12]  K. Lewin Field theory in social science , 1951 .

[13]  N S Klazinga,et al.  EFQM approach and the Dutch Quality Award. , 1999, International journal of health care quality assurance incorporating Leadership in health services.

[14]  S. Widener,et al.  Managing Value Creation within the Firm: An Examination of Multiple Performance Measures , 2004 .

[15]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The balanced scorecard--measures that drive performance. , 2015, Harvard business review.

[16]  James R. Evans,et al.  Conceptual Foundations of Strategic Planning in the Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence , 2000 .

[17]  Umit Bititci,et al.  Strategy Management through Quantitative Modelling of Performance Measurement Systems , 2001 .

[18]  J. Ford,et al.  Resistance and the background conversations of change , 2002 .

[19]  R. Westbrook,et al.  Linking Actions to Profits in Strategic Decision Making , 2001 .

[20]  W. French,et al.  Organization development : behavioral science interventions for organization improvement , 1999 .

[21]  F. Graetz Strategic change leadership , 2000 .

[22]  Tim Kotnour,et al.  Formalizing deployment processes in the US Government , 2001 .

[23]  Andy Neely,et al.  Automating the balanced scorecard – selection criteria to identify appropriate software applications , 2003 .

[24]  Lisa Hisae Nishii,et al.  The Human Side of Strategy:: Employee Experiences of Strategic Alignment in a Service Organization☆ , 2003 .

[25]  Kepa Mendibil,et al.  Measuring and managing performance in extended enterprises , 2005 .

[26]  R. Kaplan,et al.  Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy , 1996 .

[27]  Thomas L. Albright,et al.  An investigation of the effect of Balanced Scorecard implementation on financial performance , 2004 .

[28]  Bernard Burnes,et al.  Managing Change , 2004 .

[29]  Mei-I Cheng,et al.  Implementing a new performance management system within a project‐based organization , 2006 .

[30]  Y. L. Chan,et al.  Performance measurement and adoption of balanced scorecards , 2004 .

[31]  Kelvin F. Cross,et al.  The “SMART” way to define and sustain success , 1988 .

[32]  Mike Schraeder,et al.  Enhancing the success of organizational change , 2009 .

[33]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The Execution Premium: Linking Strategy to Operations for Competitive Advantage , 2008 .

[34]  J. Kotter Leading change: why transformation efforts fail , 2009, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[35]  Simon Shurville,et al.  Change Management: A Critical Perspective , 2008 .

[36]  Umit Bititci,et al.  Integrated performance measurement systems: a development guide , 1997 .

[37]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action , 1996 .

[38]  Nancy E. Landrum,et al.  Leadership for strategic change , 2000 .

[39]  James M. Higgins The Eight ‘S’s of successful strategy execution , 2005 .

[40]  H. van der Flier,et al.  Total quality management: The need for an employee‐centred, coherent approach , 2005 .

[41]  Umit Bititci,et al.  Quantitative models for performance measurement system , 2000 .

[42]  J. Grieves,et al.  Organizational Change: Themes and Issues , 2010 .

[43]  Steven E. Salterio,et al.  The Balanced Scorecard: Judgmental Effects of Common and Unique Performance Measures , 2000 .

[44]  Sally Woodward,et al.  Leading and coping with change , 2004 .

[45]  K. Langfield-Smith,et al.  Multiple Perspectives of Performance Measures , 2007 .

[46]  R. Kaplan,et al.  Strategy Maps: Converting Intangible Assets into Tangible Outcomes , 2003 .

[47]  David A. Nadler,et al.  A model for diagnosing organizational behavior , 1980 .

[48]  Derek Steeple,et al.  A FRAMEWORK FOR AUDITING AND ENHANCING PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS , 2000 .

[49]  Andy Neely,et al.  Designing, implementing and updating performance measurement systems , 2000 .

[50]  T. G. Cummings,et al.  Organization development and change , 1975 .

[51]  L. White Changing the “whole system” in the public sector , 2000 .

[52]  Heini Ikävalko,et al.  Implementing strategies successfully , 2002 .

[53]  N. Nohria,et al.  Cracking the code of change. , 2000, Harvard business review.

[54]  Andrew Pettigrew,et al.  The Handbook of Strategy and Management , 2001 .

[55]  Trevor A Spedding,et al.  The evolution of lean Six Sigma , 2010 .

[56]  Kim Langfield-Smith,et al.  Factors Influencing the Role of Management Accounting in the Development of Performance Measures within Organizational Change Programs , 1998 .

[57]  S. Wongrassamee,et al.  Performance measurement tools: the Balanced Scorecard and the EFQM Excellence Model , 2003 .

[58]  Umit Bititci,et al.  Dynamics of performance measurement systems , 2000 .

[59]  Kashi R. Balachandran,et al.  Forward performance measurement and management integrated frameworks , 2008 .

[60]  Jiju Antony,et al.  Some pros and cons of six sigma: an academic perspective , 2004 .

[61]  Financial Measures Bias in the Use of Performance Measurement Systems , 2005 .

[62]  David A. Nadler,et al.  Organizational Frame Bending: Principles for Managing Reorientation , 1989 .

[63]  M. Epstein,et al.  Sustainability in Action: Identifying and Measuring the Key Performance Drivers , 2001 .

[64]  Christopher J. Davis,et al.  Emergence and accomplishment in organizational change , 2000 .

[65]  Robin Mann,et al.  Implementing strategic initiatives: a framework of leading practices , 2008 .

[66]  B. Burnes Kurt Lewin and complexity theories: back to the future? , 2004 .

[67]  Mahesh S. Raisinghani,et al.  Six Sigma: concepts, tools, and applications , 2005, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[68]  C. Carnall Managing Change , 1991 .

[69]  B. Burnes No such thing as … a “one best way” to manage organizational change , 1996 .

[70]  Nicolaj Siggelkow Change in the Presence of Fit: the Rise, the Fall, and the Renaissance of Liz Claiborne , 2001 .

[71]  D. Buchanan,et al.  No Going Back: A Review of the Literature on Sustaining Organizational Change , 2005 .

[72]  Marla Hacker,et al.  How do we measure the implementation of large‐scale change? , 2004 .

[73]  Fevzi Okumus,et al.  A framework to implement strategies in organizations , 2003 .

[74]  D D Aeschliman,et al.  A Strategy for Change , 1976, The Nurse practitioner.