Seismic Behavior of Horizontally Irregular Structures: Current Wisdom and Challenges Ahead

[1]  Rui Pinho,et al.  Numerical Issues in Distributed Inelasticity Modeling of RC Frame Elements for Seismic Analysis , 2010 .

[2]  Andrew S. Whittaker,et al.  Energy dissipation systems for seismic applications: Current practice and recent developments , 2008 .

[3]  Rana Roy,et al.  Seismic structural fragilities: Proposals for improved methodology per spectral matching of accelerogram , 2016 .

[4]  R. Roy,et al.  Scaling of ground motions and its implications to plan-asymmetric structures , 2014 .

[5]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Strength eccentricity concept for inelastic analysis of asymmetrical structures , 1989 .

[6]  Jon B. Fletcher,et al.  Erratum to Observation and Prediction of Dynamic Ground Strains, Tilts, and Torsions Caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake and Aftershocks, Derived from UPSAR Array Observations , 2008 .

[7]  Jack W. Baker,et al.  Conditional Mean Spectrum: Tool for Ground-Motion Selection , 2011 .

[8]  Emrah Erduran Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures on the estimation of torsional effects in low-rise frame buildings , 2008 .

[9]  Hugo Bachmann,et al.  Seismic behavior of asymmetric RC wall buildings: principles and new deformation‐based design method , 2005 .

[10]  Jinkoo Kim,et al.  Optimum distribution of added viscoelastic dampers for mitigation of torsional responses of plan-wise asymmetric structures , 2002 .

[11]  Juan Carlos de la Llera,et al.  Torsional balance as new design criterion for asymmetric structures with energy dissipation devices , 2009 .

[12]  Oren Lavan,et al.  OPTIMAL PERIPHERAL DRIFT CONTROL OF 3D IRREGULAR FRAMED STRUCTURES USING SUPPLEMENTAL VISCOUS DAMPERS , 2006 .

[13]  Sekhar Chandra Dutta,et al.  Seismic Behavior of Code-Designed Bidirectionally Eccentric Systems , 2005 .

[14]  Ravi Sinha,et al.  Behavior of Torsionally Coupled Structures with Variable Frequency Pendulum Isolator , 2004 .

[15]  Sudhir K. Jain,et al.  Seismic Analysis of Asymmetric Buildings with Flexible Floor Diaphragms , 2004 .

[16]  Mario De Stefano,et al.  Seismic stability and the force reduction factor of code‐designed one‐storey asymmetric structures , 1999 .

[17]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  A review of reference models for assessing inelastic seismic torsional effects in buildings , 1992 .

[18]  Rakesh K. Goel,et al.  Seismic behaviour of asymmetric buildings with supplemental damping , 2000 .

[19]  G. Bhattacharya,et al.  Influence of strong motion characteristics on permanent displacement of slopes , 2016, Landslides.

[20]  M. De Iuliis,et al.  Torsional seismic response control of asymmetric-plan systems by using viscous dampers , 2008 .

[21]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Effect of transverse load-resisting elements on inelastic earthquake response of eccentric-plan buildings , 1994 .

[22]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Lateral-Torsional Coupling in Earthquake Response of Frame Buildings , 1989 .

[23]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Inelastic seismic response of one-storey, asymmetric-plan systems : effects of stiffness and strength distribution , 1990 .

[24]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Understanding and predicting effects of supplemental viscous damping on seismic response of asymmetric one‐storey systems , 2001 .

[25]  Abdolreza S. Moghadam,et al.  Seismic progressive collapse assessment of 3-story RC moment resisting buildings with different levels of eccentricity in plan , 2013 .

[26]  Adrian M. Chandler,et al.  Period-Dependent Effects in Seismic Torsional Response of Code Systems , 1994 .

[27]  W. K. Tso,et al.  DESIRABLE STRENGTH DISTRIBUTION FOR ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURES WITH STRENGTH-STIFFNESS DEPENDENT ELEMENTS , 2004 .

[28]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Torsional coupling effects in the earthquake response of asymmetric buildings , 1986 .

[29]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Code design provisions for torsionally coupled buildings on elastic foundation , 1987 .

[30]  W. K. Tso,et al.  INELASTIC EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURES , 1986 .

[31]  Dn Grant,et al.  Response Spectral Matching of Two Horizontal Ground-Motion Components , 2011 .

[32]  O. A. Pekau,et al.  Seismic code provisions for asymmetric structures: low period systems , 1989 .

[33]  Adrian M. Chandler,et al.  Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: a multi-disciplinary review , 2001 .

[34]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Optimality criteria based seismic design of multiple tuned-mass-dampers for the control of 3D irregular buildings , 2015 .

[35]  Aurelio Ghersi,et al.  Formulation of design eccentricity to reduce ductility demand in asymmetric buildings , 2000 .

[36]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: needs, options and consequences , 2005 .

[37]  Juan Carlos de la Llera,et al.  Torsional balance of plan‐asymmetric structures with frictional dampers: experimental results , 2006 .

[38]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Simplified analysis and supplemental damping system design , 2003 .

[39]  Ricardo A. Medina,et al.  Influence of angle of incidence on seismic demands for inelastic single-storey structures subjected to bi-directional ground motions , 2007 .

[40]  S. C Dutta,et al.  Inelastic seismic response of code-designed reinforced concrete asymmetric buildings with strength degradation , 2002 .

[41]  E. Rosenblueth The 1985 earthquake : Causes and effects in Mexico City , 1986 .

[42]  Thomas Paulay,et al.  A Re-definition of the Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Elements and its Implications in Seismic Design , 2001 .

[43]  Ananth Ramaswamy,et al.  Multiobjective optimal absorber system for torsionally coupled seismically excited structures , 2003 .

[44]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Inelastic seismic response of simple eccentric structures , 1985 .

[45]  Robert S. Ayre Interconnection of translational and torsional vibrations in buildings , 1938 .

[46]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Eccentricity in irregular multistory buildings , 1986 .

[47]  Gl Hutchinson,et al.  EVALUATION OF THE SECONDARY TORSIONAL DESIGN PROVISIONS OF EARTHQUAKE BUILDING CODES. , 1988 .

[48]  George W. Housner,et al.  The efffct of torsional oscillations on earthquake stresses , 1958 .

[49]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Torsional Coupling and Earthquake Response of Simple Elastic and Inelastic Systems , 1981 .

[50]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Seismic Code Analysis of Buildings without Locating Centers of Rigidity , 1993 .

[51]  Robert Tremblay,et al.  Seismic Performance of Concentrically Braced Steel Frames in Multistory Buildings with Mass Irregularity , 2005 .

[52]  Nicos Makris,et al.  Estimating time scales and length scales in pulselike earthquake acceleration records with wavelet analysis , 2011 .

[53]  Sashi K. Kunnath,et al.  Effects of Fling Step and Forward Directivity on Seismic Response of Buildings , 2006 .

[54]  Mjn Priestley,et al.  Performance based seismic design , 2000 .

[55]  Michael N. Fardis,et al.  Estimation of inelastic seismic deformations in asymmetric multistorey RC buildings , 2007 .

[56]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  EFFECTS OF PLAN ASYMMETRY IN INELASTIC SEISMIC RESPONSE OF ONE-STORY SYSTEMS , 1991 .

[57]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Seismic torsional provisions for dynamic eccentricity , 1980 .

[58]  Mervyn J. Kowalsky,et al.  Displacement-based seismic design of structures , 2007 .

[59]  Rana Roy,et al.  Equivalent lateral force method for buildings with setback: adequacy in elastic range , 2013 .

[60]  Avigdor Rutenberg,et al.  Seismic base isolation of asymmetric shear buildings , 1986 .

[61]  Thomas Paulay,et al.  Displacement-based design approach to earthquake-induced torsion in ductile buildings , 1997 .

[62]  Jaime De-la-Colina,et al.  Assessment of Design Recommendations for Torsionally Unbalanced Multistory Buildings , 2003 .

[63]  Oded Amir,et al.  Towards realistic minimum-cost optimization of viscous fluid dampers for seismic retrofitting , 2016, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[64]  Sekhar Chandra Dutta,et al.  Validity and Applicability of Two Simple Hysteresis Models to Assess Progressive Seismic Damage in R/c Asymmetric Buildings , 2002 .

[65]  Adrian M. Chandler Building damage in Mexico City earthquake , 1986, Nature.

[66]  Sudhir K. Jain,et al.  Alternative method to locate centre of rigidity in asymmetric buildings , 2007 .

[67]  Barbara Pintucchi,et al.  Numerical Verification of the Effectiveness of the “Alpha” Method for the Estimation of the Maximum Rotational Elastic Response of Eccentric Systems , 2008 .

[68]  Luis Esteva,et al.  Earthquake engineering research and practice in Mexico after the 1985 earthquakes , 1987 .

[69]  Dhiman Basu,et al.  Accidental eccentricity in multistory buildings due to torsional ground motion , 2015, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[70]  R. Roy,et al.  Spectral Matching of Real Ground Motions: Applications to Horizontally Irregular Systems in Elastic Range , 2014 .

[71]  J. L. Humar,et al.  Effect of orthogonal inplane structural elements on inelastic torsional response , 1999 .

[72]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Definitions of static eccentricity for design of asymmetric shear buildings , 1993 .

[73]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Elastic Earthquake Analysis of a Class of Torsionally Coupled Buildings , 1977 .

[74]  M. Mahgoub,et al.  Effect of second-order forces on seismic response , 2006 .

[75]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  A modified static procedure for the design of torsionally unbalanced multistorey frame buildings , 1993 .

[76]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Evaluation of code torsional provisions by a time history approach , 1987 .

[77]  E. Marino,et al.  Exact evaluation of the location of the optimum torsion axis , 2004 .

[78]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Elastic earthquake analysis of torsionally coupled multistorey buildings , 1977 .

[79]  Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  An answer to an important controversy and the need for caution when using simple models to predict inelastic earthquake response of buildings with torsion , 2009 .

[80]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Effects of Torsional Coupling on Earthquake Forces in Buildings , 1977 .

[81]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Earthquake Response of Torsionally Coupled, Frame Buildings , 1989 .

[82]  Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  Earthquake induced torsion in buildings:critical review and state of the art , 2015 .

[83]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Effect of structural period and ground motion parameters on the earthquake response of asymmetric buildings , 1992 .

[84]  Erol Kalkan,et al.  Assessment of spectrum matching procedure for nonlinear analysis of symmetric- and asymmetric-plan buildings , 2014 .

[85]  Thomas Paulay SOME DESIGN PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO TORSIONAL PHENOMENA IN DUCTILE BUILDINGS , 2001 .

[86]  Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  Response spectrum techniques for three‐component earthquake design , 1981 .

[87]  H. Hong Torsional Responses under Bidirectional Seismic Excitations: Effect of Instantaneous Load Eccentricities , 2013 .

[88]  Rakesh K. Goel,et al.  Effects of supplemental viscous damping on inelastic seismic response of asymmetric systems , 2000 .

[89]  Avigdor Rutenberg,et al.  Seismic code provisions for asymmetric structures: a re-evaluation , 1987 .

[90]  Juan Carlos de la Llera,et al.  Torsional balance of plan‐asymmetric structures with frictional dampers: analytical results , 2005 .

[91]  Keri L. Ryan,et al.  Effects of torsion on the behavior of peripheral steel‐braced frame systems , 2011 .

[92]  Giuseppe Maddaloni,et al.  Influence of earthquake direction on the seismic response of irregular plan RC frame buildings , 2014, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.

[93]  Thomas Paulay Are Existing Seismic Torsion Provisions Achieving the Design Aims? , 1997 .

[94]  Adrian M. Chandler,et al.  Seismic Torsional Provisions: Influence on Element Energy Dissipation , 1996 .

[95]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Evaluation of Torsional Provisions in Seismic Codes , 1991 .

[96]  W. K. Tso,et al.  An alternative path to seismic torsional provisions , 1982 .

[97]  Norman A. Abrahamson,et al.  Adding fling effects to processed ground‐motion time histories , 2014 .

[98]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  Earthquake Accelerogram Selection and Scaling Procedures for Estimating the Distribution of Drift Response , 2011 .

[99]  J. Penzien,et al.  Analysis of three‐dimensional strong ground motions along principal axes, San Fernando earthquake , 1979 .

[100]  H. M. Irvine,et al.  Envelopes of maximum seismic response for a partially symmetric single storey building model , 1979 .

[101]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Response spectrum techniques for asymmetric buildings , 1978 .

[102]  Chin-Hsiung Loh,et al.  Seismic damage assessment based on different hysteretic rules , 1990 .

[103]  Mario De Stefano,et al.  Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures II , 2013 .

[104]  Gl Hutchinson,et al.  TECHNICAL NOTE. EVALUATION OF CODE TORSIONAL PROVISIONS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIG N OF SINGLE STOREY BUILDINGS WITH TWO ECCENTRICITY COMPONENTS. , 1982 .

[105]  G C Hart,et al.  TORSIONAL RESPONSE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS , 1975 .

[106]  Sekhar Chandra Dutta,et al.  Seismic safety of structures: Influence of soil-flexibility, asymmetry and ground motion characteristics , 2007 .

[107]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Additional seismic inelastic deformation caused by structural asymmetry , 1990 .

[108]  C. Cornell,et al.  Correlation of Response Spectral Values for Multicomponent Ground Motions , 2006 .

[109]  George K. Georgoussis,et al.  Modal rigidity center: it\'s use for assessing elastic torsion in asymmetric buildings , 2010 .

[110]  John W. Wallace,et al.  Yield displacement-based seismic design of RC wall buildings , 2007 .

[111]  E. Rosenblueth,et al.  Approximate Design for Multicomponent Earthquakes , 1977 .

[112]  Jon B. Fletcher,et al.  Observation and Prediction of Dynamic Ground Strains, Tilts, and Torsions Caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake and Aftershocks, Derived from UPSAR Array ObservationsDynamic Ground Strains, Tilts, and Torsions Caused by the 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake , 2008 .

[113]  Oded Amir,et al.  Simultaneous topology and sizing optimization of viscous dampers in seismic retrofitting of 3D irregular frame structures , 2014 .

[114]  Aurelio Ghersi,et al.  Influence of design procedures on the seismic response of bi‐eccentric plan‐asymmetric systems , 2006 .

[115]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Gradient based optimal seismic retrofitting of 3D irregular buildings using multiple tuned mass dampers , 2014 .

[116]  Mario De Stefano,et al.  Effect of Overstrength on the Seismic Behaviour of Multi-Storey Regularly Asymmetric Buildings , 2006 .

[117]  Sekhar Chandra Dutta,et al.  Seismic Demand of Low-Rise Multistory Systems with General Asymmetry , 2012 .

[118]  Y. K. Wen,et al.  Damage-Limiting Aseismic Design of Buildings , 1987 .

[119]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Dual-Level Approach for Seismic Design of Asymmetric-Plan Buildings , 1994 .

[120]  T. Makarios,et al.  Real and fictitious elastic axes of multi-storey buildings: theory , 1998 .

[121]  Bujar Myslimaj,et al.  A Design-Oriented Approach to Strength Distribution in Single-Story Asymmetric Systems with Elements Having Strength-Dependent Stiffness , 2005 .

[122]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Simple Iterative Use of Lyapunov's Solution for the Linear Optimal Seismic Design of Passive Devices in Framed Buildings , 2009 .

[123]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Synthetic earthquake ground motions on an array , 2013 .

[124]  Rana Roy,et al.  Seismic demand of plan-asymmetric structures: a revisit , 2013, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.

[125]  Sashi K. Kunnath,et al.  Amplitude-Scaled versus Spectrum-Matched Ground Motions for Seismic Performance Assessment , 2011 .

[126]  Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan,et al.  Seismic collapse propagation in 6-story RC regular and irregular buildings , 2013 .

[127]  Hernan Santa-Maria,et al.  Inelastic response of one‐storey asymmetric‐plan systems subjected to bi‐directional earthquake motions , 1999 .

[128]  Sekhar Chandra Dutta,et al.  Inelastic seismic demand of low-rise buildings with soil-flexibility , 2010 .

[129]  Gregory A. MacRae,et al.  Three-Dimensional Steel Building Response to Near-Fault Motions , 2000 .

[130]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Simple Model for Earthquake Response Studies of Torsionally Coupled Buildings , 1981 .

[131]  J. Aguirre,et al.  Optimal control of linear and nonlinear asymmetric structures by means of passive energy dampers , 2013 .

[132]  J. Alberto Escobar,et al.  Yielding seismic response of code‐designed single‐storey asymmetric structures , 1998 .

[133]  W. K. Tso,et al.  A strength distribution criterion for minimizing torsional response of asymmetric wall‐type systems , 2002 .

[134]  Triantafyllos Makarios Practical calculation of the torsional stiffness radius of multistorey tall buildings , 2008 .

[135]  T. Makarios Optimum torsion axis to multistorey buildings by using the continuous model of the structure , 2005 .

[136]  Avigdor Rutenberg,et al.  Dynamic torsional coupling in asymmetric building structures , 1977 .

[137]  Anastasios Sextos,et al.  Selection of earthquake ground motion records: A state-of-the-art review from a structural engineering perspective , 2010 .

[138]  Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  Inelastic torsion of multistorey buildings under earthquake excitations , 2005 .

[139]  Mario De Stefano,et al.  A review of research on seismic behaviour of irregular building structures since 2002 , 2008 .

[140]  Luca Landi,et al.  Extension of Direct Displacement-Based Design to Plan-Asymmetric RC Frame Buildings , 2012 .

[141]  Jack W. Baker,et al.  A predictive model for fling-step in near-fault ground motions based on recordings and simulations , 2016 .

[142]  J. Wolf Dynamic soil-structure interaction , 1985 .

[143]  A. K. Jain,et al.  Uncoupled frequency ratio in asymmetric buildings , 1996 .

[144]  Graham L. Hutchinson,et al.  Evaluation of dynamic eccentricities obtained using a probabilistic approach, response spectrum methods and modern building codes , 1988 .

[145]  Tom Paulay Understanding torsional phenomena in ductile systems , 2000 .

[146]  W. K. Tso,et al.  A yield displacement distribution‐based approach for strength assignment to lateral force‐resisting elements having strength dependent stiffness , 2003 .

[147]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Inelastic seismic response of code‐designed multistorey frame buildings with regular asymmetry , 1993 .

[148]  Triantafyllos Makarios,et al.  Equivalent Static Eccentricities in the Simplified Methods of Seismic Analysis of Buildings , 1998 .

[149]  W. K. Tso,et al.  Effective eccentricity for inelastic seismic response of buildings , 1986 .

[150]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Full resources utilization seismic design of irregular structures using multiple tuned mass dampers , 2013 .

[151]  Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan,et al.  Progressive collapse vulnerability in 6-Story RC symmetric and asymmetric buildings under earthquake loads , 2014 .

[152]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  Using spectral matched records to explore the influence of strong-motion duration on inelastic structural response , 2007 .

[153]  Stefano Pampanin,et al.  The Role of Inelastic Torsion in the Determination of Residual Deformations , 2007 .

[154]  George K. Georgoussis Modified seismic analysis of multistory asymmetric elastic buildings and suggestions for minimizing the rotational response , 2014 .

[155]  Mircea Grigoriu,et al.  To Scale or Not to Scale Seismic Ground-Acceleration Records , 2011 .

[156]  Gl Hutchinson,et al.  EVALUATION OF CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF TORSIONALLY COUPLED BUILDINGS. , 1981 .

[157]  Rakesh K. Goel,et al.  Effects of supplemental viscous damping on seismic response of asymmetric‐plan systems , 1998 .

[158]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Seismic response of flexible-edge elements in code-designed torsionally unbalanced structures , 1995 .

[159]  W. K. Tso,et al.  STATIC ECCENTRICITY CONCEPT FOR TORSIONAL MOMENT ESTIMATIONS , 1990 .

[160]  John L. Wilson,et al.  Inelastic torsional coupling of building models , 1996 .

[161]  O. A. Pekau,et al.  Dynamic response of bilinear asymmetric structures , 1985 .

[162]  Izuru Takewaki Building Control with Passive Dampers: Optimal Performance-based Design for Earthquakes , 2009 .

[163]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Practical Modal Pushover Design of one-way asymmetric-plan reinforced concrete wall buildings for unidirectional ground motion , 2015, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[164]  Erol Kalkan,et al.  Significance of Rotating Ground Motions on Behavior of Symmetric- and Asymmetric-Plan Structures: Part II. Multi-Story Structures , 2015 .

[165]  Thomas Paulay SEISMIC TORSIONAL EFFECTS ON DUCTILE STRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEMS , 1997 .

[166]  B. Stafford Smith,et al.  EVALUATION OF CENTRES OF RESISTANCE IN MULTISTOREY BUILDING STRUCTURES . , 1985 .

[167]  J L Humar,et al.  Torsional motion of buildings during earthquakes. I. Elastic response , 1998 .

[168]  Sekhar Chandra Dutta Effect of strength deterioration on inelastic seismic torsional behaviour of asymmetric RC buildings , 2001 .

[169]  JONATHAN HANCOCK,et al.  AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MATCHING RESPONSE SPECTRA OF RECORDED EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION USING WAVELETS , 2006 .

[170]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric‐plan buildings , 2004 .

[171]  Rana Roy,et al.  Role of Ground Motion Characteristics on Inelastic Seismic Response of Irregular Structures , 2016 .

[172]  E. F. Cruz ESTIMATING INELASTIC BI-DIRECTIONAL SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STORY ASYMMETRIC BUILDINGS USING A SET OF COMBINATION RULES , 2008 .

[173]  Jonathan D. Bray,et al.  DESIGN GROUND MOTIONS NEAR ACTIVE FAULTS , 2009 .

[174]  Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  Inelastic earthquake response of single‐story asymmetric buildings: an assessment of simplified shear‐beam models , 2003 .

[175]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  Selection and Scaling of Real Accelerograms for Bi-Directional Loading: A Review of Current Practice and Code Provisions , 2007 .

[176]  Rakesh K. Goel Seismic Response of Asymmetric Systems: Energy-Based Approach , 1997 .

[177]  L. M. Baker,et al.  Transient stresses at Parkfield, California, produced by the M 7.4 Landers earthquake of June 28, 1992: Observations from the UPSAR dense seismograph array , 1995 .

[178]  T. Paulay A review of code provisions for torsional seismic effects in buildings , 1997 .

[179]  I. Iervolino,et al.  Eurocode 8 Compliant Real Record Sets for Seismic Analysis of Structures , 2008 .

[180]  A. Ang,et al.  Mechanistic Seismic Damage Model for Reinforced Concrete , 1985 .

[181]  Juan Carlos de la Llera,et al.  Inelastic Behavior of Asymmetric Multistory Buildings , 1996 .

[182]  Triantafyllos Makarios,et al.  Real and fictitious elastic axes of multi‐storey buildings: applications , 1998 .

[183]  A. Elnashai,et al.  Fundamentals of earthquake engineering , 2008 .

[184]  J. L. Humar Design for seismic torsional forces , 1984 .

[185]  Nicholas A Alexander,et al.  The role of phase difference components of ground motions in the torsional response of asymmetric buildings , 2007 .

[186]  Rana Roy,et al.  Influence of Bidirectional Near-Fault Excitations on RC Bridge Piers , 2016 .

[187]  Thomas Paulay Torsional mechanisms in ductile building systems , 1998 .

[188]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings , 2002 .

[189]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Optimal Design of Viscous Dampers and Their Supporting Members for the Seismic Retrofitting of 3D Irregular Frame Structures , 2015 .

[190]  Mark Aschheim,et al.  Seismic Design Based on the Yield Displacement , 2002 .

[191]  Oren Lavan,et al.  Fully stressed design of passive controllers in framed structures for seismic loadings , 2006 .

[193]  Rakesh K. Goel,et al.  Seismic code analysis of multi‐storey asymmetric buildings , 1998 .

[194]  Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  Should accidental eccentricity be eliminated from Eurocode 8 , 2015 .

[195]  Juan Carlos de la Llera,et al.  Torsional balance of plan asymmetric structures with viscoelastic dampers , 2007 .

[196]  Erol Kalkan,et al.  Pros and Cons of Rotating Ground Motion Records to Fault-Normal/Parallel Directions for Response History Analysis of Buildings , 2014 .

[197]  José L. Almazán,et al.  Torsional balance of asymmetric structures by means of tuned mass dampers , 2012 .

[198]  Vitelmo V. Bertero,et al.  An Evaluation of Inelastic Seismic Design Spectra , 1981 .

[199]  N. Abrahamson,et al.  An Improved Method for Nonstationary Spectral Matching , 2010 .

[200]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Inelastic seismic response of one‐storey, asymmetric‐plan systems: Effects of system parameters and yielding , 1991 .

[201]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Response Spectrum Analysis of Class of Torsionally-Coupled Buildings , 1989 .

[202]  Iztok Peruš,et al.  On the inelastic torsional response of single‐storey structures under bi‐axial excitation , 2005 .

[203]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Earthquake response , 2003 .

[204]  A. M. Chandler,et al.  Evaluation of factors influencing the inelastic seismic performance of torsionally asymmetric buildings , 1991 .

[205]  Nicos Makris,et al.  The existence of ‘complete similarities’ in the response of seismic isolated structures subjected to pulse‐like ground motions and their implications in analysis , 2011 .

[206]  T. Paulay Seismic design for torsional response of ductile buildings , 1996 .