An approach for accurately retrieving the vertical deformation component from two-track InSAR measurements

ABSTRACT As is well known, both conventional differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) and multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MT-InSAR) have a common limitation that they only can measure the deformation component along the radar line of sight (LOS) direction. However, in the majority of disaster investigations, there is more interest in the vertical deformation component than that of the horizontal direction, for example, in measuring ground subsidence in urban areas, or ground subsidence due to underground mining. To estimate the vertical deformation component accurately, it is in theory necessary to create at least three independent equations, and solve the vertical, the North–South, and the East–West deformation components by exploiting at least three-track InSAR LOS measurements or combining at least two-track InSAR LOS measurements with azimuth measurements. However, these methods are greatly limited and sometimes not even practical because there is typically little chance of obtaining a three-track SAR data set covering the same area in the same time span, and the accuracy of the azimuth measurements is far lower than that of InSAR LOS measurements. In this article, we found that it is possible to solve for the vertical deformation component from two-track InSAR LOS measurements in some circumstances. Then, an approach for accurately retrieving the vertical deformation component from two-track InSAR LOS measurements is proposed, and the analytical expression is presented. The approach is illustrated through an investigation of the ground subsidence in an area of Beijing, China. Unlike previous methods, this approach can accurately retrieve the vertical deformation component from two-track InSAR LOS measurements, and provide more reliable results for improving the interpretation of ground subsidence phenomena.

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