Modelos de intervención en niños con autismo

Introduccion. Los trastornos del espectro autista constituyen un grupo de alteraciones del neurodesarrollo que afectan de manera global distintas funciones cerebrales superiores del individuo, como la inteligencia, la capacidad del lenguaje y la interaccion social. Aunque no existe hoy dia ningun tratamiento curativo del autismo, si hay diversas intervenciones no farmacologicas que pueden modificar el mal pronostico generalmente asociado a este tipo de trastornos. Objetivo. Revisar de manera sucinta las diferentes aproximaciones para la neurorrehabilitacion de los pacientes afectados de trastornos del espectro autista, lo que se conoce habitualmente como metodos de intervencion. Desarrollo. Desde un punto de vista categorico, se pueden distinguir tres tipos de metodos de intervencion, segun que la orientacion sea psicodinamica, biomedica o psicoeducativa. Existen dificultades para comparar los resultados de los distintos metodos de intervencion, pero se han identificado unos elementos comunes que deberian tener para resultar eficaces. Actualmente se prefieren los metodos psicoeducativos, pues son los unicos que han demostrado eficacia en los estudios de investigacion. Conclusiones. La intervencion precoz, en el contexto de los centros de diagnostico y atencion temprana, dentro de modelos de intervencion psicoeducativa mixtos, aunque con gran presencia de elementos conductuales, ha demostrado poder modificar la evolucion de los pacientes con trastornos del espectro autista y constituye hoy dia el abordaje mas indicado.

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