Rapid prototyping of orthopedic implant materials for cranio-facial reconstruction: A Survey

Abstract Rapid prototyping is swiftly gaining acceptance in the healthcare sector as it is helping surgeons to create patient specific implants in a fraction of time as compared to traditional approaches like injection molding or Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. The inputs provided by Surgeons have a major role in designing the implant that is better fit for the patient. It includes usage of techniques such as Three-Dimensional (3D) printing to create patient specific implants made of biologically compatible polymers like Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), that replace traditional materials like Steel, Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics and Titanium. Polymers like PEEK have shown better bio compatibility and stability when used for implants as compared to traditional materials but lack in osseointegration due to their bio-inert nature. In this study we have surveyed materials such as PEEK, PMMA for Rapid prototyping or 3D Printing of orthopedic implants which are used in craniofacial reconstruction surgery. The outcome of this study may help researchers and surgeons in designing better implants for patients.