Location of sea surface temperature cooling induced by typhoon in the South China Sea

Typhoons can induce cooling wakes at the ocean surface,causing low sea surface temperature(SST) along their tracks.In this study,multi-satellite data are used to investigate the location of the cooling wake induced by 92 typhoons passing through the South China Sea(SCS) from 1998 to 2009.Analysis of the sequential merged microwave SST data revealed that,64 typhoons(69.6%) induced SST cooling of more than 2℃,43 typhoons(46.7%) generated SST cooling on the right-hand side of the track,8 typhoons(8.7%) induced SST cooling on the left-hand side of their tracks,and 13 typhoons(14.1%) induced cooling wakes behind their tracks.Cooling wakes induced by typhoons mainly located within 100km along the side of typhoon tracks.It is showed that cold core eddies,particularly strong cold eddies,existed in the pre-typhoon oceanic environment,may play a significant role in setting the strength and location of SST cooling induced by typhoons.

[1]  U. C. Mohanty,et al.  Impact of sea surface temperature in modulating movement and intensity of tropical cyclones , 2007 .

[2]  Joseph J. Cione,et al.  Sea Surface Temperature Variability in Hurricanes: Implications with Respect to Intensity Change , 2003 .

[3]  K. Emanuel.  Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years , 2005, Nature.

[4]  D. Tang,et al.  Comparison of phytoplankton blooms triggered by two typhoons with different intensities and translation speeds in the South China Sea , 2008 .

[5]  I. Ginis,et al.  Numerical simulations of tropical cyclone‐ocean interaction with a high‐resolution coupled model , 1993 .

[6]  Smith,et al.  Satellite measurements of sea surface temperature through clouds , 2000, Science.

[7]  N. Walker,et al.  Hurricane‐forced upwelling and chlorophyll a enhancement within cold‐core cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico , 2005 .

[8]  A. Wada,et al.  Numerical Simulations of Sea Surface Cooling by a Mixed Layer Model during the Passage of Typhoon Rex , 2005 .

[9]  W. Timothy Liu,et al.  New evidence for enhanced ocean primary production triggered by tropical cyclone , 2003 .

[10]  Y. Sadhuram,et al.  Record decrease of sea surface temperature following the passage of a super cyclone over the Bay of Bengal , 2004 .

[11]  T. Dickey,et al.  Observations and analyses of upper ocean responses to tropical storms and hurricanes in the vicinity of Bermuda , 2008 .

[12]  Yi Chang,et al.  Multisatellite observation on upwelling after the passage of Typhoon Hai‐Tang in the southern East China Sea , 2008 .

[13]  Benjamin Jaimes,et al.  Mixed Layer Cooling in Mesoscale Oceanic Eddies during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita , 2009 .

[14]  Dongxiao Wang,et al.  Phytoplankton blooms near the Pearl River Estuary induced by Typhoon Nuri , 2009 .

[15]  Chuanmin Hu,et al.  Changes of temperature and bio‐optical properties in the South China Sea in response to Typhoon Lingling, 2001 , 2008 .

[16]  Peter G. Black,et al.  Upper ocean response to Hurricane Gilbert , 1992 .