Orientación diagnóstica y manejo de los síndromes pericárdicos agudos

Los sindromes pericardicos agudos incluyen basicamente la pericarditis aguda y el taponamiento cardiaco. El presente trabajo esta dedicado fundamentalmente al manejo diagnostico y terapeutico de la pericarditis aguda. En nuestro medio, la gran mayoria de pericarditis cuya causa no es evidente en la presentacion clinica inicial corresponde a pericarditis idiopaticas o virales, que tienen un curso benigno y autolimitado (aunque algunos pacientes pueden desarrollar taponamiento cardiaco). Esta nocion de prevalencia es fundamental para establecer un protocolo de manejo logico que evite, por un lado, el excesivo uso de procedimientos invasivos del pericardio, pero que permita, por otro lado, diagnosticar los casos de pericarditis especificas (tuberculosa, purulenta y neoplasica). Segun estas consideraciones y nuestra propia experiencia proponemos un protocolo de estudio y manejo de las enfermedades agudas del pericardio que difieren sustancialmente de las recientes «Guias de practica clinica para el diagnostico y tratamiento de las enfermedades del pericardio» de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiologia. Tambien se comentan aspectos del taponamiento cardiaco y de las formas de constriccion aguda y subaguda que se pueden presentar en la fase de resolucion de las pericarditis agudas.

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