Advances in toxicogenomics.

Toxicogenomics is an emerging scientific discipline that combines the tools of traditional toxicology with those of genomics, bioinformatics, and high throughput experimentation (1). The underlying premise of toxicogenomics is that a global assessment of the biology of chemical exposure will lead to a more thorough understanding of how toxicants act. It is the promise of toxicogenomics that such information will lead to better judgments regarding human health risks and improved pipelines for the next generation of therapeutics. Toxicogenomics had its origins in the technologies related to transcriptional profiling. To date, dozens of manuscripts have appeared in the peer-reviewed literature that employ global transcriptional profiling methods to link toxic sequelae with changes in specific batteries of mRNAs. These data sets have the potential to provide insights into toxic mechanism and to identify sensitive biomarkers of exposure. These early experiments also * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 608-262-2024. Fax: 608-262-2824. E-mail: Bradfield@oncology.wisc.edu. MARCH 2005 VOLUME 18, NUMBER 3

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