Event-based remedial action scheme against super-component contingencies to avert frequency and voltage instabilities

Frequency instability, voltage instability or a combination of both have been the cause of several power system breakdowns throughout the world in the recent decades. Occurrence of a super-component contingency (SCC) that refers to multiple and simultaneous outages of grid facilities like a power plant or substation may lead to blackout if no remedial action schemes (RAS) are implemented. This study proposes a new event-based RAS to overcome the frequency and voltage instabilities caused by SCCs through optimal load shedding. To do this, a new multi-objective framework is presented simultaneously optimising the competing objective functions of long-term voltage stability margin, steady-state frequency deviation, maximum transient frequency deviation and load shed amount. A modified system frequency response model is also proposed for frequency stability assessment. Multi-objective decision making (MODM) is performed using a combination of analytical hierarchy process, modified augmented e-constraint method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. The effectiveness of both the proposed model and MODM solution approach is extensively illustrated on a simulated model of Iran's power system in 2012.