Acoustic Simulation Techniques for Personalized Three-Dimensional Auditory Reproduction

varies with the source location and differs between right and left ears which are rarely, if ever, perfectly symmetrical. However, we have learned the patterns of such variations for use in locating sound sources. Moreover, an HRTF for the same source location varies greatly among individuals. This is because patterns of refl ection and diffraction change according to different shapes of the head and pinna. Therefore, such differences among individuals must be considered in systems for three-dimensional auditory reproduction. It is not clear, however, how sound gets refl ected and diffracted in the head and pinna. One major impediment is that sound is invisible. Changes in sound pressure at a certain point in space can be measured with a microphone. The number of points that can be measured at the same time is limited, because each

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