Robust Desmoothed Real Estate Returns

This research starts from the observation that common desmoothing models are likely to generate some extreme returns. Such returns will distort risk measurement and hence can lead to investment decisions that are suboptimal relative to those that would be made if a transaction based index were available. Thus, we propose to improve the desmoothing models by incorporating a robust filter into the procedure. We report that in addition to properly treating for smoothing, the method prevents the occurrence of extreme values. As shown with U.S. data, our method leads to desmoothed series whose characteristics are akin to those of transaction-based indices.

[1]  Ursula Gather,et al.  Weighted Repeated Median Smoothing and Filtering , 2007 .

[2]  P. J. Huber The 1972 Wald Lecture Robust Statistics: A Review , 1972 .

[3]  James M. Lucas,et al.  Exponentially weighted moving average control schemes: Properties and enhancements , 1990 .

[4]  Yuming Fu Estimating the Lagging Error in Real Estate Price Indices , 2003 .

[5]  D. Geltner Estimating Market Values from Appraised Values without Assuming an Efficient Market , 2009 .

[6]  Youngha Cho,et al.  The Dynamics of Appraisal Smoothing , 2014 .

[7]  David Geltner,et al.  Value indices of commercial real estate: A comparison of index construction methods , 1994 .

[8]  Norman G. Miller,et al.  Commercial Real Estate Analysis and Investments , 2000 .

[9]  Tim Bollerslev,et al.  Glossary to ARCH (GARCH) , 2008 .

[10]  Timothy J. Riddiough,et al.  Privately Versus Publicly Held Asset Investment Performance , 2005 .

[11]  C. Ward,et al.  Property portfolio allocation: A multi‐factor model , 1987 .

[12]  J. Lewellen The Cross Section of Expected Stock Returns , 2014 .

[13]  James R. Follairi,et al.  Inferring an Investment Return Series for Real Estate from Observations on Sales , 1989 .

[14]  Roland Fried,et al.  Robust filtering of time series with trends , 2004 .

[15]  Myron S. Scholes,et al.  Estimating betas from nonsynchronous data , 1977 .

[16]  Marion R. Reynolds,et al.  Comparisons of Some Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Charts for Monitoring the Process Mean and Variance , 2006, Technometrics.

[17]  D. Geltner Smoothing in appraisal-based returns , 1991 .

[18]  Commercial Real Estate Returns: An Anatomy of Smoothing in Asset and Index Returns , 2012 .

[19]  G. Marcato,et al.  Smoothing and Implications for Asset Allocation Choices , 2007 .

[20]  D. Geltner Real Estate Price Indices and Price Dynamics: An Overview from an Investments Perspective , 2014 .

[21]  D. Geltner,et al.  Unsmoothing British valuation‐based returns without assuming an efficient market , 1994 .

[22]  Sheridan Titman,et al.  On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance , 1997 .

[23]  Martin Hoesli,et al.  International Evidence on Real Estate as a Portfolio Diversifier , 2003 .

[24]  D. Geltner,et al.  Appraisal Smoothing and Price Discovery in Real Estate Markets , 2003 .

[25]  David C. Ling,et al.  Estimating Returns on Commercial Real Estate: A New Methodology Using Latent‐Variable Models , 2000 .

[26]  D. Cox Prediction by Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages and Related Methods , 1961 .

[27]  T. Bollerslev,et al.  Forecasting financial market volatility: Sample frequency vis-a-vis forecast horizon , 1999 .

[28]  Soosung Hwang,et al.  Smoothing, Nonsynchronous Appraisal and Cross-Sectional Aggregation in Real Estate Price Indices , 2005 .

[29]  D. Geltner Estimating Real Estate's Systematic Risk from Aggregate Level Appraisal‐Based Returns , 1989 .

[30]  Sébastien Page,et al.  Asset Allocation: Risk Models for Alternative Investments , 2014 .

[31]  P. Rousseeuw Least Median of Squares Regression , 1984 .

[32]  D. Schweizer,et al.  Private Equity Benchmarks and Portfolio Optimization , 2010 .

[33]  David Geltner,et al.  Temporal Aggregation in Real Estate Return Indices , 1993 .

[34]  Unsmoothing Real Estate Returns: A Regime‐Switching Approach , 2012 .

[35]  John M. Quigley,et al.  Price formation and the appraisal function in real estate markets , 1991 .

[36]  Errors in Variables, Links between Variables and Recovery of Volatility Information in Appraisal-Based Real Estate Return Indexes , 2006 .

[37]  E. Fama,et al.  Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds , 1993 .

[38]  A. Siegel Robust regression using repeated medians , 1982 .

[39]  Marvin L. Wolverton,et al.  A Longitudinal Examination of the Appraisal Smoothing Hypothesis , 1998 .

[40]  R. Chaplin Unsmoothing valuation-based indices using multiple regimes , 1997 .

[41]  Martin Hoesli,et al.  Do Public Real Estate Returns Really Lead Private Returns? , 2013, The Journal of Portfolio Management.

[42]  Unsmoothing Commercial Property Returns: A Revision to Fisher–Geltner–Webb's Unsmoothing Methodology , 2003 .

[43]  P. Rousseeuw,et al.  Alternatives to the Median Absolute Deviation , 1993 .

[44]  C. Holt Author's retrospective on ‘Forecasting seasonals and trends by exponentially weighted moving averages’ , 2004 .

[45]  E. Dimson Risk measurement when shares are subject to infrequent trading , 1979 .

[46]  B. Ripley,et al.  Robust Statistics , 2018, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.

[47]  B. Bollen What should the value of lambda be in the exponentially weighted moving average volatility model? , 2015 .

[48]  David C. Ling,et al.  Returns and Information Transmission Dynamics in Public and Private Real Estate Markets , 2015 .

[49]  Jim Clayton,et al.  Smoothing in Commercial Property Valuations: Evidence from Individual Appraisals , 2000 .