Inhibition of adhesion of Clostridium difficile to Caco-2 cells.

For many microorganisms, including Clostridium difficile, mucosal association is an important factor influencing intestinal colonisation and subsequent infection. Inhibition of adhesion of C. difficile to intestinal mucosa could be a new promising strategy for prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. We investigated the possibilities of influencing the adhesion of C. difficile by xylitol and bovine colostrum whey. Caco-2 cells and C. difficile cells were incubated with 1%, 5% and 10% solutions of xylitol and colostrum. Our study revealed that both xylitol and colostrum inhibited the adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 cells. Inhibition by xylitol was dose-dependent. When compared to the control, the count of adherent C. difficile decreased 3.4 times when treated with 1% xylitol, 12 times when 5% xylitol was applied, and 18.7 times when treated with 10% xylitol. The inhibition of adherence by colostrum was partially dose-dependent: 3.1 times in the case of 1%, and 5.5 times in the cases of 5% and 10% colostrum. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed for the application of xylitol and colostrum in the treatment and prophylaxis of pseudomembraneous colitis.

[1]  C. Pothoulakis,et al.  Anti-Clostridium difficile bovine immunoglobulin concentrate inhibits cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity of C. difficile toxins , 1996, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[2]  B. McClane.  Summary of the ASM first international conference on the molecule genetics and pathogenesis of the clostridia. , 1995, Anaerobe.

[3]  W. Song,et al.  Immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin components of human milk inhibit Clostridium difficile toxin A-receptor binding. , 1995, Journal of medical microbiology.

[4]  P. Bourlioux,et al.  Cloning of a genetic determinant from Clostridium difficile involved in adherence to tissue culture cells and mucus , 1994, Infection and immunity.

[5]  K. Wilson.  The microecology of Clostridium difficile. , 1993, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[6]  A. Servin,et al.  Identification and characterization of adhesive factors of Clostridium difficile involved in adhesion to human colonic enterocyte‐like Caco‐2 and mucus‐secreting HT29 cells in culture , 1993, Molecular microbiology.

[7]  S. Borriello.  12th C. L. Oakley lecture. Pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection of the gut. , 1990, Journal of medical microbiology.

[8]  R. Lissner,et al.  Antibodies from colostrum in oral immunotherapy. , 1990, Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie.

[9]  M. Levine,et al.  Protection by milk immunoglobulin concentrate against oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  S. Borriello,et al.  Mucosal association by Clostridium difficile in the hamster gastrointestinal tract. , 1988, Journal of medical microbiology.

[11]  T. Wilkins,et al.  Clostridium difficile: its disease and toxins , 1988, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[12]  S. Salminen,et al.  Gut microflora interactions with xylitol in the mouse, rat and man. , 1985, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[13]  M. Pinto,et al.  Enterocyte-like differentiation and polarization of the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 in culture , 1983 .

[14]  N. Sharon,et al.  Prevention of colonization of the urinary tract of mice with Escherichia coli by blocking of bacterial adherence with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. , 1979, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[15]  K. Mäkinen.  Biochemical principles of the use of xylitol in medicine and nutrition with special consideration of dental aspects. , 1978, Experientia. Supplementum.