Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (Parca)

The Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA) is a NASA-sponsored initiative with the prime objective of understanding the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. In October 1998, PARCA investigators met to review activities of the previous year, assess the program's progress, and plan future investigations directed at accomplishing that objective. Some exciting results were presented and discussed, including evidence of dramatic thinning of the ice sheet near the southeastern coast. Details of the investigations and many of the accomplishments are given in this report, but major highlights are given in the Executive Summary of the report.

[1]  Anthony Wong,et al.  Detection of hills from radar data in central-northern Greenland , 1998 .

[2]  Sivaprasad Gogineni,et al.  A search in north Greenland for a new ice-core drill site , 1997, Journal of Glaciology.

[3]  R. Kwok,et al.  Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Properties and Ice Dynamics from ERS-1 SAR Imagery , 1993, Science.

[4]  B. Csathó,et al.  Surface roughness on the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne laser altimetry , 1998 .

[5]  R. Thomas,et al.  Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA): Goals, key findings, and future directions , 2001 .

[6]  E. Mosley‐Thompson,et al.  Variability of accumulation in northwest Greenland over the past 250 years , 2001 .

[7]  Mattar,et al.  Tributaries of West Antarctic Ice Streams Revealed by RADARSAT Interferometry. , 1999, Science.

[8]  R. Alley,et al.  Detection and Monitoring of Stratigraphic Markers and Temperature Trends at the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Using Passive-Microwave Remote-Sensing Data , 1997 .

[9]  T. Stocker,et al.  North atlantic oscillation dynamics recorded in greenland ice cores , 1998, Science.

[10]  Eric Rignot,et al.  North and northeast Greenland ice discharge from satellite radar interferometry , 1997 .

[11]  K. Jezek,et al.  Unusual Radar Echoes from the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1993, Science.

[12]  A. F. Schenk,et al.  Surface velocities of a Greenland outlet glacier from high‐resolution visible satellite imagery 1 , 1999 .

[13]  K. Jezek,et al.  Relationships between radar backscatter and accumulation rates on the Greenland ice sheet , 1999 .

[14]  W. Krabill,et al.  Outlet Glacier and Margin Elevation Changes: Near Coastal Thinning of the Greenland Ice Sheet , 2013 .

[15]  C. H. Davis,et al.  Synthesis of passive microwave and radar altimeter data for estimating accumulation rates of dry polar snow , 1995 .

[16]  Akins,et al.  Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet at High Elevations. , 2000, Science.

[17]  K. Steffen,et al.  A Dozen Years of Temperature Observations at the Summit: Central Greenland Automatic Weather Stations 1987–99 , 2001 .

[18]  Ian R. Joughin,et al.  Interferometric estimation of three-dimensional ice-flow using ascending and descending passes , 1998, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[19]  Mark R. Anderson,et al.  Variations in snowpack melt on the Greenland ice sheet based on passive-microwave measurements , 1995, Journal of Glaciology.

[20]  Robert N. Swift,et al.  Aircraft laser altimetry measurement of elevation changes of the greenland ice sheet: technique and accuracy assessment , 2002 .

[21]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Surface energy exchange at the equilibrium line on the Greenland ice sheet during onset of melt , 1995, Annals of Glaciology.

[22]  Robert Thomas,et al.  Topographic mapping by laser altimetry , 1995, Optics & Photonics.

[23]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Passive microwave‐derived snow melt regions on the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1995 .

[24]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  Improved elevation-change measurement of the southern Greenland ice sheet from satellite radar altimetry , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[25]  Sivaprasad Gogineni,et al.  Internal layer tracing and age‐depth‐accumulation relationships for the northern Greenland ice sheet , 2001 .

[26]  G. Hamilton,et al.  Point measurements of mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet using precision vertical Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys , 2000 .

[27]  Julienne C. Stroeve,et al.  Variability of AVHRR-Derived Clear-Sky Surface Temperature over the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1998 .

[28]  K. Steffen,et al.  A New Monthly Climatology of Global Radiation for the Arctic and Comparisons with NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis and ISCCP-C2 Fields , 1998 .

[29]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Accumulation and hoar effects on microwave emission in the Greenland ice-sheet dry-snow zones , 1998 .

[30]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Comparison of AVHRR-derived and in situ surface albedo over the greenland ice sheet , 1997 .

[31]  Jonathan L. Bamber,et al.  The accuracy of satellite radar altimeter data over the Greenland ice sheet determined from airborne laser data , 1998 .

[32]  T. Scambos,et al.  Improving digital elevation models over ice sheets using AVHRR-based photoclinometry , 1998 .

[33]  Roger C. Bales,et al.  Annual net snow accumulation over southern Greenland from 1975 to 1998 , 2001 .

[34]  Kenneth C. Jezek,et al.  Greenland ice sheet thickness changes measured by laser altimetry , 1994 .

[35]  R. Alley,et al.  Temperature history and accumulation timing for the snowpack at GISP2, central Greenland , 1998 .

[36]  R. Hardy,et al.  An analysis of balance velocities over the Greenland ice sheet and comparison with synthetic aperture radar interferometry , 2000, Journal of Glaciology.

[37]  H. Zwally,et al.  Growth of the Southern Greenland Ice Sheet , 1998, Science.

[38]  Sivaprasad Gogineni,et al.  Airborne radio echo sounding of outlet glaciers in Greenland , 1997 .

[39]  Eric Rignot,et al.  Backscatter model for the unusual radar properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1995 .

[40]  Ron Kwok,et al.  Measurement of ice-sheet topography using satellite-radar interferometry , 1996 .

[41]  D. Winebrenner,et al.  ACCUMULATION RATE MEASUREMENTS AT TAYLOR DOME, EAST ANTARCTICA: TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES FOR MASS BALANCE MEASUREMENTS IN POLAR ENVIRONMENTS , 1999 .

[42]  Ron Kwok,et al.  Estimation of ice-sheet motion using satellite radar interferometry: method and error analysis with application to Humboldt Glacier, Greenland , 1996, Journal of Glaciology.

[43]  Richard K. Moore,et al.  An improved coherent radar depth sounder , 1998, Journal of Glaciology.

[44]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  Elevation Change of the Southern Greenland Ice Sheet: Update , 1998 .

[45]  Eric Rignot,et al.  Ice flow dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet from SAR interferometry , 1995, Geophysical Research Letters.

[46]  Greenland precipitation estimates from the atmospheric moisture budget , 1994 .

[47]  S. Prasad Gogineni,et al.  High-resolution radar mapping of internal layers at NGRIP , 2000, International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar.

[48]  Roger C. Bales,et al.  Accumulation map for the Greenland Ice Sheet: 1971–1990 , 2001 .

[49]  Curt H. Davis.  Temporal change in the extinction coefficient of snow on the Greenland ice sheet from an analysis of Seasat and Geosat altimeter data , 1996, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[50]  David G. Long,et al.  Greenland ice-sheet surface properties observed by the Seasat-A scatterometer at enhanced resolution , 1994, Journal of Glaciology.

[51]  Robert N. Swift,et al.  Accuracy of airborne laser altimetry over the Greenland ice sheet , 1995 .

[52]  Curtis H. Davis,et al.  A surface and volume scattering retracking algorithm for ice sheet satellite altimetry , 1993, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[53]  Charles Fowler,et al.  Intercomparison between in situ and AVHRR polar pathfinder-derived surface Albedo over Greenland , 2001 .

[54]  Ian Joughin,et al.  Observations of ice‐sheet motion in Greenland using satellite radar interferometry , 1995 .

[55]  D. Bromwich,et al.  Precipitation over Greenland Retrieved by a Dynamic Method and Its Relation to Cyclonic Activity , 1997 .

[56]  B. Csathó,et al.  STUDYING AND MONITORING THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET USING GIS TECHNIQUES , 2000 .

[57]  Mark R. Anderson,et al.  Passive microwave-derived spatial and temporal variations of summer melt on the Greenland ice sheet , 1993 .

[58]  W. Krabill,et al.  Calculation of Ice Velocities in the Jakobshavn Isbrae Area Using Airborne Laser Altimetry , 1999 .

[59]  E. Mosley‐Thompson,et al.  Atlantic Arctic cyclones and the mild Siberian winters of the 1980s , 1995 .

[60]  P. Valdes,et al.  Patterns and Variations of Snow Accumulation over Greenland, 1979-98, from ECMWF Analyses, and Their Verification , 2001 .

[61]  David G. Long,et al.  Cryosphere applications of NSCAT data , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[62]  J. Bamber,et al.  A new ice thickness and bedrock data set for the Greenland ice sheet , 2000, IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120).

[63]  H. Zwally,et al.  ANNUAL SEA LEVEL VARIABILITY INDUCED BY CHANGES IN SEA ICE EXTENT AND ACCUMULATION ON ICE SHEETS: AN ASSESSMENT BASED ON REMOTELY SENSED DATA , 1997 .

[64]  E. Rignot.  Hinge-line migration of Petermann Gletscher, north Greenland, detected using satellite-radar interferometry , 1998, Journal of Glaciology.

[65]  I. Joughin,et al.  Contribution to the glaciology of northern Greenland from satellite radar interferometry , 2001 .

[66]  W. Krabill,et al.  Rapid thinning of parts of the southern greenland ice sheet , 1999, Science.

[67]  Ron Kwok,et al.  A Mini-Surge on the Ryder Glacier, Greenland, Observed by Satellite Radar Interferometry , 1996, Science.

[68]  Julienne C. Stroeve,et al.  Climate sensitivity studies of the Greenland ice sheet using satellite AVHRR, SMMR, SSM/I and in situ data , 1993 .

[69]  Jonathan L. Bamber,et al.  A new, high‐resolution digital elevation model of Greenland fully validated with airborne laser altimeter data , 2001 .

[70]  J. Wahr,et al.  PREDICTIONS OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION CAUSED BY CHANGING POLAR ICE ON A VISCOELASTIC EARTH , 1997 .

[71]  B. Csathó,et al.  Mass balance of the northeast sector of the Greenland ice sheet: A remote-sensing perspective , 2000 .

[72]  Sivaprasad Gogineni,et al.  Ground-based radar observations of snow stratigraphy and melt processes in the percolation facies of the Greenland ice sheet , 1995, Annals of Glaciology.

[73]  D. Bromwich,et al.  Modeled variations of precipitation over the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1993 .

[74]  D. Bromwich,et al.  Modeled precipitation variability over the Greenland Ice Sheet , 2001 .

[75]  E. Mosley‐Thompson,et al.  Changes in Greenland ice sheet elevation attributed primarily to snow accumulation variability , 2000, Nature.

[76]  T. Mote.  Mid‐tropospheric circulation and surface melt on theGreenland ice sheet. Part I: atmospheric teleconnections , 1998 .

[77]  A. Nolin,et al.  The changing albedo of the Greenland ice sheet: implications for climate modeling , 1997, Annals of Glaciology.

[78]  D. Bromwich,et al.  A Harmonic-Fourier Spectral Limited-Area Model with an External Wind Lateral Boundary Condition* , 1997 .

[79]  Sridhar Anandakrishnan,et al.  Temperature and accumulation at the Greenland Summit: Comparison of high‐resolution isotope profiles and satellite passive microwave brightness temperature trends , 1995 .

[80]  R. Alley,et al.  Composite Temperature Record from the Greenland Summit, 1987–1994: Synthesis of Multiple Automatic Weather Station Records and SSM/I Brightness Temperatures , 1996 .

[81]  R. Hardy,et al.  A comparison of balance velocities, measured velocities and thermomechanically modelled velocities for the Greenland ice sheet , 2000, Annals of Glaciology.

[82]  E. Mosley‐Thompson,et al.  Annual accumulation at two sites in northwest Greenland during recent centuries , 1998 .

[83]  Ian Joughin,et al.  Ice flow in the northeast Greenland ice stream , 2000, Annals of Glaciology.

[84]  Richard K. Moore,et al.  A combined surface-and volume-scattering model for ice-sheet radar altimetry , 1993, Journal of Glaciology.

[85]  W. Krabill,et al.  Airborne laser altimetry mapping of the Greenland ice sheet: application to mass balance assessment , 2002 .

[86]  Richard I. Cullather,et al.  Precipitation over Greenland and its relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation , 1999 .

[87]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Comparison of brightness temperatures from SSMI instruments on the DMSP F8 and FII satellites for Antarctica and the Greenland ice sheet , 1995 .

[88]  H. Jay Zwally,et al.  Accumulation in Antarctica and Greenland derived from passive-microwave data: a comparison with contoured compilations , 1995, Annals of Glaciology.

[89]  S. Ekholm,et al.  Unusual surface morphology from digital elevation models of the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1998 .

[90]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  Greenland ice sheet elevation change since 1978 from radar and laser altimetry 1 , 1999 .

[91]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  An algorithm for time series analysis of ice sheet surface elevations from satellite altimetry , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[92]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  Comparison of ice-sheet satellite altimeter retracking algorithms , 1996, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[93]  Yang Du,et al.  Wintertime Surface Winds over the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1996 .

[94]  D. Bromwich,et al.  Recent precipitation trends over the polar ice sheets , 1993 .

[95]  Ron Kwok,et al.  Analysis of synthetic aperture radar data collected over the southwestern Greenland ice sheet , 1993 .

[96]  D. Bromwich,et al.  An Equivalent Isobaric Geopotential Height and Its Application to Synoptic Analysis and a Generalized ω Equation in σ Coordinates , 1999 .

[97]  Dale P. Winebrenner,et al.  Densification of Water Ice Deposits on the Residual North Polar Cap of Mars , 2000 .

[98]  Eric Rignot,et al.  Tidal motion, ice velocity and melt rate of Petermann Gletscher, Greenland, measured from radar interferometry , 1996, Journal of Glaciology.

[99]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  A robust threshold retracking algorithm for measuring ice-sheet surface elevation change from satellite radar altimeters , 1997, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[100]  David G. Long,et al.  Azimuth variation in microwave scatterometer and radiometer data over Antarctica , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[101]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  Geographic and seasonal variations in the surface properties of the ice sheets by satellite-radar altimetry , 1993, Journal of Glaciology.

[102]  Thomas L. Mote,et al.  Mid‒tropospheric circulation and surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet. Part II: synoptic climatology , 1998 .

[103]  D. Bromwich,et al.  Evaluation of recent precipitation studies for Greenland Ice Sheet , 1998 .

[104]  Roger C. Bales,et al.  Accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet from historical and recent records , 2001 .

[105]  Comparison of radar-altimetry data over Greenland with surface topography derived from airborne laser altimetry , 1994 .

[106]  Ron Kwok,et al.  balance velocities of the Greenland Ice Sheet , 1997 .

[107]  T. Mote,et al.  A comparison of microwave radiometric data and modeled snowpack conditions for Dye 2, Greenland , 1996 .

[108]  E. Mosley‐Thompson,et al.  An abrupt spring air temperature rise over the Greenland ice cap , 1997 .

[109]  Roger C. Bales,et al.  Interannual variations of snow accumulation on the Greenland Ice Sheet (1985–1996): new observations versus model predictions , 2000 .

[110]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  Growth of the Greenland ice sheet: a performance assessment of altimeter retracking algorithms , 1995, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[111]  Melvin J. Dubnick.  Army Corps of Engineers , 1998 .

[112]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Faceted crystal formation in the northeast Greenland low-accumulation region , 1999, Journal of Glaciology.

[113]  Ronald Kwok,et al.  Ice sheet motion and topography from radar interferometry , 1996, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[114]  Duncan J. Wingham,et al.  A method of combining ICESat and GRACE satellite data to constrain Antarctic mass balance , 2000 .

[115]  W. Krabill,et al.  Greenland Ice Sheet: High-Elevation Balance and Peripheral Thinning. , 2000, Science.

[116]  Ron Kwok,et al.  Ice flow of Humboldt, Petermann and Ryder Gletscher, northern Greenland , 1999, Journal of Glaciology.

[117]  Eric Rignot,et al.  Substantial thinning of a major east Greenland outlet glacier , 2000 .

[118]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Local to regional‐scale variability of annual net accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet from PARCA cores , 2001 .

[119]  Mark Drinkwater,et al.  Recent changes in the microwave scattering properties of the Antarctic ice sheet , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[120]  K. Steffen,et al.  Surface Temperature from ERS-1 ATSR Infrared Thermal Satellite Data in Polar Regions , 1996 .

[121]  Konrad Steffen,et al.  Snowmelt on the Greenland Ice Sheet as Derived from Passive Microwave Satellite Data , 1997 .

[122]  E. Mosley‐Thompson,et al.  Portable system for intermediate-depth ice-core drilling , 2000, Journal of Glaciology.

[123]  J. Wahr,et al.  Using GPS and gravity to infer ice mass changes in Greenland , 2000 .