Enhancement of physiological and mechanical modelling of the skeletal muscle controlled by Functional Electrical Stimulation

This work establishes a mathematical muscle model which describes the complex physiological system of the skeletal muscle based on the macroscopic Hill and microscopic Huxley concepts. A new study published by Sorine opened the possibility of controlling the heart muscle model by using a chemical control input to stimulate the contractile element of the model. Starting with this concept, we have proposed a new physiological and mechanical skeletal muscle model where we take into account the muscular masses and the viscous frictions caused by the blood and the muscle tendon connections. This model is presented under differential equations where the input is the electrical signal provided from the stimulator and the outputs are the muscle force and stiffness.