In-cylinder sampling of hydrocarbons in a Texaco l-141 TCP engine. Final report 1978-1981

Abstract : A TECHNIQUE WAS DEVELOPED TO OBTAIN TIME- AND SPATIALLY-RESOLVED GAS SAMPLES FROM THE DEVELOPMENT VOLUME OF A RECIPROCATING ENGINE. The technique was used to investgate the distribution of fuel and products of combustion, with emphasis on the sources and formation mechanisms of gaseous hydrocarbons, in a single cylinder -141 TCP engine. A mathematical model predicted the actual sample gas origin, relative to the instantaneous sampling orifice position, as a function of the local gas motion and properties. Samples were taken at times ranging from 30 deg CA BTDC to 60 deg CA ATDC. Gas chromatography gave the sample composition, including the concentration versus carbon number distribution of the hydrocarbons. Local stoichiometry, local reactant hydrogen/carbon ratio and apparent local particulate concentration were also calculated. Significant vertical stratification persists in the L-141 TCP combustion chamber as late as 60 deg CA ATDC, indicating that mixing in the vertical direction in the central part of the chamber is inhibited by solid body rotation of the gases. Exhaust hydrocarbons consisted primarily of heptane, probably originating from the bowl surface, and species having two carbon atoms. Total hydrocarbons and the relative proportion of heptane to C2 species decreased with increasing load, because of the higher gas temperatures. (Author)

[1]  Frederick L. Dryer,et al.  Combustion chemistry of chain hydrocarbons , 1977 .

[2]  S. Turns,et al.  Internal combustion engine sampling probes: An experimental study of sample-gas origins and flow disturbances , 1980 .

[3]  W. A. Dietz,et al.  Response Factors for Gas Chromatographic Analyses , 1967 .

[4]  G. L. Borman,et al.  A Tracer Technique for Measuring Gas Motion in a Fired Diesel Engine Cylinder , 1980 .

[5]  W. T. Tierney,et al.  United Parcel Service Applies Texaco Stratified Charge Engine Technology to Power Parcel Delivery Vans-Progress Report , 1980 .

[6]  J. Keck,et al.  Fast Sampling Valve Measurements of Hydrocarbons in the Cylinder of a CFR Engine , 1981 .

[7]  C. Frederick Hansen,et al.  Approximations for the thermodynamic and transport properties of high-temperature air , 1958 .

[8]  James C. Keck,et al.  Measurements of Hydrocarbon Concentrations in the Exhaust Products from a Spherical Combustion Bomb , 1981 .

[9]  W. A. Daniel.  Engine Variable Effects on Exhaust Hydrocarbon Composition (A Single-Cylinder Engine Study With Propane as the Fuel) , 1967 .

[10]  J. C. Dent.  A basis for the comparison of various experimental methods for studying spray penetration. , 1971 .

[11]  J. M. Cobb,et al.  Design and Evaluation of a Stratified Charge Multifuel Military Engine , 1968 .

[12]  J. Aldred,et al.  The mechanism of combustion of droplets and spheres of liquid n-heptane , 1971 .

[13]  Yuzo Aoyagi,et al.  A GAS SAMPLING STUDY ON THE FORMATION PROCESSES OF SOOT AND NO (NITRIC OXIDE) IN A DI (DIRECT INJECTION) DIESEL ENGINE , 1980 .

[14]  G. Levinson.  High temperature preflame reactions of n-heptane , 1965 .

[15]  G. L. Borman,et al.  An Experimental Study of Diesel Engine Cylinder-Averaged NOx Histories , 1978 .

[16]  John A. Derham,et al.  Air Motion in a Four-Stroke Direct Injection Diesel Engine , 1974 .

[17]  R. M. Siewert.  Hydrogen interference in chemiluminescent NOx analysis , 1975 .

[18]  Roger B. Krieger,et al.  Toward a comprehensive model for combustion in a direct injection stratified charge engine , 1978 .

[19]  D. Fitzgeorge,et al.  Air Swirl in a Road-Vehicle Diesel Engine , 1962 .

[20]  C. R. Orr.  COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS BEHIND A SHOCK WAVE , 1963 .

[21]  L. J. Hillenbrand,et al.  Assessment of diesel particulate control: direct and catalytic oxidation. Interagency energy/environment R and D program report , 1979 .